ReviewTurkish journal of biology = Turk biyoloji dergisi2021
Pathogenesis and treatment of cytokine storm in COVID-19.
Review in Turkish journal of biology = Turk biyoloji dergisi, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 221 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral Janus kinase inhibitors for treating hospitalized patients with COVID-19: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi · 2022Pooled it
- Antibody repertoire associated with clinically diverse presentations of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Immunopathogenesis of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome: Core Driving Role of Cytokine Storm.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the etiological spectrum of respiratory infections in children.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- Case Report: Life-threatening overlap of hemophagocytic syndrome and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome in a patient with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 successfully treated with targeted immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Elevated serum mtDNA in COVID-19 patients is linked to SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein targeting mitochondrial VDAC1, inducing apoptosis and mtDNA release.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2024Article
- Severe and post-COVID-19 are associated with high expression of vimentin and reduced expression of N-cadherin.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Hypochloremia: A Potential Indicator of Poor Outcomes in COVID-19.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Cytokine Profiling as Predictors of Disease Severity and Survival in Unvaccinated COVID-19 Patients.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Identification of biomarkers and pathways for the SARS-CoV-2 infections in obstructive sleep apnea patients based on machine learning and proteomic analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- IgM N-glycosylation correlates with COVID-19 severity and rate of complement deposition.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Different polarization and functionality of CD4+ T helper subsets in people with post-COVID condition.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of Molnupiravir Treatment in Patients with COVID-19 in Korea: A Propensity Score Matched Study.Infection & chemotherapy · 2023Article
- A Prospective Cohort Study of COVID-19: Evaluation of the Early Role of IL-1 and IL-6 Antagonists in Improving the Outcome of the Illness and Reduction in the Risk of Death.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Review
- Unveiling COVID-19 Secrets: Harnessing Cytokines as Powerful Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Predicting Severity.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Article
- Development and validation of a prognostic model based on immune variables to early predict severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- A novel platform for attenuating immune hyperactivity using EXO-CD24 in COVID-19 and beyond.EMBO molecular medicine · 2022Article
- Clinical characteristics and analysis of risk factors for disease progression of patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection: A retrospective study of 25207 cases in a Fangcang hospital.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
COVID-19 is a viral infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that killed a large number of patients around the world. A hyperinflammatory state resulting in a cytokine storm and adult respiratory distress syndrome seems to be the major cause of the death. Many mechanisms have been suggested in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 associated cytokine storm (COVID-CS). Insufficient viral clearance and persistence of a strong cytokine response despite inadequate antiviral immunity seem to be the main mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis. The diagnosis of COVID-19 is based on relatively constant clinical symptoms, clinical findings, laboratory tests, and imaging techniques, while the diagnosis of COVID-CS is a rather dynamic process, based on evolving or newly emerging findings during the clinical course. Management of COVID-19 consists of using antiviral agents to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication and treating potential complications including the cytokine storm together with general supportive measures. COVID-CS may be treated using appropriate immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs that reduce the level of inappropriate systemic inflammation, which has the potential to cause organ damage. Currently corticosteroids, IL-6 blockers, or IL-1 blockers are most widely used for treating COVID-CS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.