ArticleJournal of marriage and the family2021
Parenthood, Stress, and Well-Being among Cisgender and Transgender Gay and Lesbian Adults.
Article in Journal of marriage and the family, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Social determinants of health as risk and protective factors for health care access among sexual and gender minority parents.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Co-Developing Content Updates for the Card Sort Task for Self-Harm-Digital (CaTS-D) With People With Lived Self-Harm Experiences: Pilot Study and Thematic Analysis.JMIR mental health · 2025Article
- Social determinants of health as risk and protective factors for health care access among sexual and gender minority parents.Research square · 2025Article
- The association between parenthood and health: A comparison of people in same-sex and different-sex relationships.SSM - population health · 2024Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study examines whether and how parenthood status is associated with two key aspects of health- mental well-being and smoking- among sexual minority adults across three gender identity groups: cisgender gay men, cisgender lesbian women, and transgender gay/lesbian adults.
backgroundParents tend to report worse health than non-parents due to elevated stress associated with parenting. However, most existing scholarship de facto examines parental status and health among cisgender heterosexual adults. Little research has employed an intersectional approach to focus on parenthood and health differences within sexual minority adults across varying gender identities.
methodOLS and logistic regression models were used to analyze data from the 2010 Social Justice Sexuality Project (N = 2,803), a survey of racially diverse sexual and gender minority adults residing in all 50 US states and Puerto Rico.
resultsIn a sample composed predominantly of people of color, parenthood status is related to both mental well-being and smoking status among gay and lesbian adults, but this relationship is inconsistent across cisgender and transgender groups. OLS regression models show that parenthood is positively related to mental well-being among gay and lesbian transgender people, whereas logistic regression results find that parenthood is associated with higher odds of smoking among cisgender gay men.
conclusionThese findings suggest that among a sample of sexual and gender minorities composed mostly of people of color, parenthood status is connected with the health and well-being of gay and lesbian adults in ways that depend on gender identity.
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Registered trials
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