Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34802785›Full record

ArticleVaccine2021

Serogroup A, C, W, and Y meningococcal disease in persons previously vaccinated with a serogroup ACWY meningococcal vaccine - United States, 2014-2018.

Amy E Blain, Heather E Reese, Henju Marjuki, Nadav Topaz, Sarah Mbaeyi, Lucy A McNamara

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.3field-weighted citation impact, top 42% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Amy E BlainMeningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA. Electronic address: Wgi9@cdc.gov.
Heather E ReeseMeningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
Henju MarjukiMeningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
Nadav TopazMeningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
Sarah MbaeyiMeningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
Lucy A McNamaraMeningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · USEpidemic Intelligence Service · US

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends routine vaccination with a quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate serogroup A,C,W,Y (MenACWY) vaccine at 11-12 years of age, with a booster dose at 16 years. ACIP also recommends meningococcal vaccination for persons at increased risk of meningococcal disease, including a 2-dose primary series and regular booster doses for persons at increased risk because of underlying medical conditions. U.S. cases of serogroup A, C, W, and Y meningococcal disease in persons previously vaccinated with MenACWY vaccine have not been systematically described since 2008. Characterization of these cases is important to understand potential factors leading to breakthrough disease.

methodsWe analyzed cases of serogroup A,C,W, and Y meningococcal disease reported through the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) from 2014 through 2018. State health departments submitted additional information on risk factors and clinical course.

resultsDuring 2014-2018, 822 cases of serogroup A, C, W, and Y meningococcal disease were reported through NNDSS; 34 (4%) were in patients who previously received ≥ 1 dose of MenACWY vaccine. Twenty-three vaccinated patients were up-to-date on MenACWY vaccine per recommendations, and seven were not up-to-date; four were missing information on the number of doses received. Seventeen cases (50%) occurred > 3 years after the most recent dose. A significantly higher proportion of vaccinated patients were people living with HIV (PLWH) compared to unvaccinated patients. Eight of the 34 vaccinated patients were immunosuppressed, including five PLWH, one taking eculizumab, and two taking other immunosuppressive medications. The case fatality ratio did not differ between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients.

conclusionsImmunosuppression, incomplete vaccination, and waning immunity likely contributed to breakthrough cases of meningococcal disease among people who received MenACWY vaccine. Continued monitoring of serogroup A, C, W, and Y meningococcal disease in previously vaccinated persons will help inform meningococcal disease prevention efforts.

Indexed as

Meningococcal InfectionsMeningococcal VaccinesNeisseria meningitidisAdolescentHumansSerogroupUnited StatesVaccines, ConjugateMeningococcal VaccinesVaccines, ConjugateMenACWY vaccineMeningococcal diseaseMeningococcal vaccinesNeisseria meningitidis

Identifiers

PMID34802785
PMCPMC11884730
OpenAlexW3214848151

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.