Observational studyBiomedical journal2021
Exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 and COVID-19 infection rates and mortality: A one-year observational study in Poland.
Observational study in Biomedical journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- The triple-hit hypothesis: exploring pulmonary e-cigarette, PMEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Features of the land use and COVID-19 cases and deaths in urban and land counties in Poland throughout the pandemic: a machine learning approach.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Modulation of COVID-19 incidence by environmental stressors is variant between pre-Omicron and Omicron periods.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Particulate matter exposure potentiates SARS-CoV-2 delta variant infection by suppressing epithelial antiviral responses.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- An Insight on Microfluidic Organ-on-a-Chip Models for PMACS omega · 2024Review
- Causal relationship between particulate matter and COVID-19 risk: A mendelian randomization study.Heliyon · 2024Article
- The relationship between PMHeliyon · 2023Article
- Associations between COVID-19 risk, multiple environmental exposures, and housing conditions: A study using individual-level GPS-based real-time sensing data.Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England) · 2023Article
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Particulate Matter Exposure: A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Green spaces, especially nearby forest, may reduce the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate: A nationwide study in the United States.Landscape and urban planning · 2022Article
- Effects of short-term waterfall forest aerosol air exposure on rat lung proteomics.Annals of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Spatial-Temporal Evolution of Health Impact and Economic Loss upon Exposure to PMInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Health and Environmental Risks of Incense Smoke: Mechanistic Insights and Cumulative Evidence.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Review
- One day at a time.Biomedical journal · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAtmospheric contamination, especially particulate matter (PM), can be associated viral infections connected with respiratory failure. Literature data indicates that intensity of SARS-CoV-2 infections worldwide can be associated with PM pollution levels.
objectivesThe aim of the study was to examine the relationship between atmospheric contamination, measured as PM2.5 and PM10 levels, and the number of COVID-19 cases and related deaths in Poland in a one-year observation study.
methodsNumber and geographical distribution of COVID-19 incidents and related deaths, as well as PM2.5 and PM10 exposure levels in Poland were obtained from publicly accessible databases. Average monthly values of these parameters for individual provinces were calculated. Multiple regression analysis was performed for the period between March 2020 and February 2021, taking into account average monthly exposure to PM2.5 and PM10, monthly COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants and the population density across Polish provinces.
resultsOnly December 2020 the number of new infections was significantly related to the three analyzed factors: PM2.5, population density and the number of laboratory COVID-19 tests (R
conclusionThe distribution of COVID-19 incidents across Poland was independent from annual levels of particulate matter concentration in provinces. Exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 was associated with COVID-19 incidence and mortality in different provinces only in certain months. Other cofactors such as population density and the number of performed COVID-19 tests also corresponded with both COVID-19-related infections and deaths only in certain months. Particulate matter should not be treated as the sole determinant of the spread and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic but its importance in the incidence of infectious diseases should not be forgotten.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.