Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34800846›Full record

ArticleDiagnostic microbiology and infectious disease2022

Frequency of respiratory pathogens other than SARS-CoV-2 detected during COVID-19 testing.

Matheus Negri Boschiero, Aires Duarte, Camila Vantini Capasso Palamim, Alfonso Eduardo Alvarez, Renan Marrichi Mauch, Fernando Augusto Lima Marson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  4. Validation of a Traditional Medicine,Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
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  5. The 2024 resurgence ofFrontiers in public health · 2025
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  6. Review
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  10. Respiratory Coinfections in Children With SARS-CoV-2.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2023
    Article
  11. Article
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  14. Article
  15. Deep sequencing analysis of clinical samples from patients with acute infectious conjunctivitis during the COVID-19 delta surge in Madurai, India.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2022
    Article
  16. Observational
  17. Article
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  19. SN comprehensive clinical medicine · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Matheus Negri BoschieroLaboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.
Aires DuarteBioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Camila Vantini Capasso PalamimLaboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.
Alfonso Eduardo AlvarezPulmonology and Allergy Pediatric Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Renan Marrichi MauchCenter for Investigation in Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Fernando Augusto Lima MarsonLaboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: fernando.marson@usf.edu.br.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The frequencies of 19 respiratory pathogens other than SARS-CoV-2 were assessed in 6,"?>235 Brazilian individuals tested for COVID-19. Overall, only 83 individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 had codetection of other pathogens. Individuals infected with Rhinovirus/Enterovirus, Human Coronavirus (HCoV)-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, HPIV-4, Influenza A (-H1N1 and other subtypes), Influenza B, Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Metapneumovirus were less likely to test positive for SARS-CoV-2. Infection with Streptococcys pyogenes, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Bordetella pertussis were more frequent in individuals who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2, but without significancy. We found 150 individuals infected with ≥2 pathogens other than SARS-CoV-2, only 3 out of whom tested positive for COVID-19. The codetection frequency was low in individuals diagnosed with COVID-19. Other viral infections may provide a cross-reactive, protective immune response against SARS-CoV-2. Screening for bacterial respiratory infections upon COVID-19 testing is important to drive suitable therapeutic approaches and avoid unnecessary antibiotic prescription.

Indexed as

COVID-19 TestingAdultBacterial InfectionsBrazilCOVID-19Cross ReactionsFemaleHumansMaleMass ScreeningMiddle AgedRespiratory Tract InfectionsSARS-CoV-2CodetectionCOVID-19PandemicSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID34800846
PMCPMC8531239

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.