Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34800687›Full record

SynthesisInternational journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases2022

Real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines: a literature review and meta-analysis.

Caifang Zheng, Weihao Shao, Xiaorui Chen, Bowen Zhang, Gaili Wang, Weidong Zhang

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 387 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
387citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

387 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  8. Safety and Immunogenicity of a Fourth Dose of Omicron BA.1-Adapted BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccines in Adults 18-55 Years Old.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026
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  17. Usambarensine fromACS omega · 2026
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327 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Caifang ZhengDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
Weihao ShaoDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
Xiaorui ChenDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
Bowen ZhangDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
Gaili WangDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
Weidong ZhangDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China. Electronic address: imooni@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo estimate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine effectiveness (VE) against concerned outcomes in real-world settings.

methodsStudies reporting COVID-19 VE from August 6, 2020 to October 6, 2021 were included. The summary VE (with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI)) against disease related to COVID-19 was estimated. The results were presented in forest plots. Predefined subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were also performed.

resultsA total of 51 records were included in this meta-analysis. In fully vaccinated populations, the VE against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, COVID-19-related hospitalization, admission to the intensive care unit, and death was 89.1% (95% CI 85.6-92.6%), 97.2% (95% CI 96.1-98.3%), 97.4% (95% CI 96.0-98.8%), and 99.0% (95% CI 98.5-99.6%), respectively. The VE against infection in the general population aged ≥16 years, the elderly, and healthcare workers was 86.1% (95% CI 77.8-94.4%), 83.8% (95% CI 77.1-90.6%), and 95.3% (95% CI 92.0-98.6%), respectively. For those fully vaccinated against infection, the observed effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine was 91.2% and of the Moderna vaccine was 98.1%, while the effectiveness of the CoronaVac vaccine was found to be 65.7%.

conclusionsThe COVID-19 vaccines are highly protective against SARS-CoV-2-related diseases in real-world settings.

Indexed as

COVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesAgedHospitalizationHumansSARS-CoV-2Vaccine EfficacyCOVID-19 VaccinesCOVID-19EffectivenessReal-worldSARS-CoV-2Vaccine

Identifiers

PMID34800687
PMCPMC8595975

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.