Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34800189›Full record

ArticleJournal of patient-reported outcomes2021

Characterizing the quality-of-life impact of Duchenne muscular dystrophy on caregivers: a case-control investigation.

Carolyn E Schwartz, Roland B Stark, Ivana F Audhya, Katherine L Gooch

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of patient-reported outcomes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.

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  5. Toward characterizing brain fog in long COVID: correlates and impact on measurement metrics.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Carolyn E SchwartzDeltaQuest Foundation, Inc, 31 Mitchell Road, Concord, MA, 01742, USA. carolyn.schwartz@deltaquest.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9173-7774
Roland B StarkDeltaQuest Foundation, Inc, 31 Mitchell Road, Concord, MA, 01742, USA.
Ivana F AudhyaSarepta Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Katherine L GoochSarepta Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Sarepta Therapeutics (United States) · USDeltaQuest Foundation (United States) · USTufts Medical Center · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study examined the impact of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) on family-member caregivers in terms of quality of life, life stress, and indirect costs, as compared to a stratified comparison group of parents of similar-age children without DMD.

methodsA web-based survey included DMD caregivers and a nationally representative comparison group of parents of children without DMD stratified by Child Age Group. Outcomes included quality of life, resilience, caregiver impact, stressful life events, financial strain, out-of-pocket expenditures, work productivity and unrealized ambitions. General linear models assessed the main effect of Caregiver Group and the interaction of Caregiver Group with Child-Age-Group, after adjusting for demographic covariates.

resultsCompared to parents without a DMD child, DMD Caregivers reported better physical health but worse mental health, positive affect/well-being, environmental mastery, difficulty paying bills, and more hours missed from work. Providing caregiving support for DMD teenagers was the most challenging. DMD caregivers curtailed their educational and professional ambitions, and modified their homes to accommodate the disability associated with DMD. Their non-DMD children had to make sacrifices as well. Nonetheless, in resilience and life stress, DMD caregivers were comparable to the comparison group, and showed consistent levels of positive emotions across the age of their DMD child.

conclusionDMD caregivers fared worse on most outcomes and faced more hurdles in work life. They face constraints and hidden costs that impact their health and financial well-being. Caregivers of teenagers with DMD reported higher impact. Nonetheless, parents of DMD children of all ages maintained notable resilience and positivity.

Indexed as

CaregiversDuchenne muscular dystrophyImpactQuality of lifeResilience

Identifiers

PMID34800189
PMCPMC8605451
OpenAlexW3213071000

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.