ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2022
Duration at high altitude influences the onset of arrhythmogenesis during apnea.
Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterizing the repeatability of cardiovascular responses to hypoxic apneas in adults.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence and frequency of arrhythmias and electrocardiographic abnormalities in Pakistan: An outpatient ECG-based study.Heart rhythm O2 · 2025Article
- Risk factors for the presentation of supraventricular arrhythmias in patients residing at high altitudes.Archivos peruanos de cardiologia y cirugia cardiovascularArticle
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13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
purposeAutonomic control of the heart is balanced by sympathetic and parasympathetic inputs. Excitation of both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems occurs concurrently during certain perturbations such as hypoxia, which stimulate carotid chemoreflex to drive ventilation. It is well established that the chemoreflex becomes sensitized throughout hypoxic exposure; however, whether progressive sensitization alters cardiac autonomic activity remains unknown. We sought to determine the duration of hypoxic exposure at high altitude necessary to unmask cardiac arrhythmias during instances of voluntary apnea.
methodsMeasurements of steady-state chemoreflex drive (SS-CD), continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) and SpO
resultsBradycardia during apnea was greater at high altitude compared to low altitude for all days (p < 0.001). Cardiac arrhythmias occurred during apnea each day but became most prevalent (> 50%) following Day 5 at high altitude. Changes in saturation during apnea and apnea duration did not affect the magnitude of bradycardia during apnea (ANCOVA; saturation, p = 0.15 and apnea duration, p = 0.988). Interestingly, the magnitude of bradycardia was correlated with the incidence of arrhythmia per day (r = 0.8; p = 0.004).
conclusionOur findings suggest that persistent hypoxia gradually increases vagal tone with time, indicated by augmented bradycardia during apnea and progressively increased the incidence of arrhythmia at high altitude.
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