ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2022
"Thandi should feel embarrassed": describing the validity and reliability of a tool to measure depression-related stigma among patients with depressive symptoms in Malawi.
Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development and psychometric properties of a general cancer stigma scale.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Barriers and facilitators to integrating the friendship bench into non-communicable disease care in Malawi: A qualitative study.PLOS mental health · 2025Article
- Intersectional HIV- and Depression-Related Stigma Among People with HIV Entering HIV Care in Cameroon.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Translation of the mental health literacy questionnaire for young adults into Chichewa for use in Malawi: preliminary validation and reliability results.International journal of mental health systems · 2023Article
- Article
- Evaluating the validity of depression-related stigma measurement among diabetes and hypertension patients receiving depression care in Malawi: A mixed-methods analysis.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThere are no validated tools in Malawi to measure mental health stigma. Accordingly, this study evaluates the validity and reliability of a short quantitative instrument to measure depression-related stigma in patients exhibiting depressive symptoms in Malawi.
methodsThe SHARP study began depression screening in 10 NCD clinics across Malawi in April 2019; recruitment is ongoing. Eligible participants were 18-65 years, had a patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) score ≥ 5, and were new or current diabetes or hypertension patients. Participants completed a baseline questionnaire that measured depression-related stigma, depressive symptoms, and sociodemographic information. The stigma instrument included a vignette of a depressed woman named Thandi, and participants rated their level of agreement with statements about Thandi's situation in nine prompts on a 5-point Likert scale. Inter-item reliability was assessed with Cronbach's alpha. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to assess structural validity, and OLS regression models were used to assess convergent and divergent validity between measured levels of depression-related stigma and covariates.
resultsThe analysis of patient responses (n = 688) to the stigma tool demonstrated acceptable inter-item reliability across all scales and subsequent subscales of the instrument, with alpha values ranging from 0.70 to 0.87. The EFA demonstrated clustering around three domains: negative affect, treatment carryover, and disclosure carryover. Regression models demonstrated convergence with several covariates and demonstrated divergence as expected.
conclusionThis study supports the reliability and validity of a short stigma questionnaire in this population. Future studies should continue to assess the validity of this stigma instrument in this population.
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