Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34799646›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Liver X receptors regulate natural killer T cell population and antitumor activity in the liver of mice.

Kaori Endo-Umeda, Hiroyuki Nakashima, Shigeyuki Uno, Shota Toyoshima, Naoki Umeda, Shihoko Komine-Aizawa, Shuhji Seki, Makoto Makishima

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 39% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. [Research progress on the role of invariant natural killer T cells in immune-mediated liver injury].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2025
    Review
  3. FAP-targeted radioligand therapy withJournal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Kaori Endo-UmedaDivision of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Hiroyuki NakashimaDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
Shigeyuki UnoDivision of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Shota ToyoshimaAllergy and Immunology Research Project Team, Research Institute of Medical Science, Center for Institutional Research and Medical Education, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Naoki UmedaDivision of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Shihoko Komine-AizawaDivision of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Shuhji SekiDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
Makoto MakishimaDivision of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan. makishima.makoto@nihon-u.ac.jp.
Nihon University · JPNational Defense Medical College · JP

Funding

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science JP 25860248, JP 16K19061, JP 21K06862Nihon University School of Medicine Toki Fund Research Grant 2013
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The nuclear receptors liver X receptor α (LXRα) and LXRβ are lipid sensors that regulate lipid metabolism and immunity. Natural killer T (NKT) cells, a T cell subset expressing surface markers of both natural killer cells and T lymphocytes and involved in antitumor immunity, are another abundant immune cell type in the liver. The potential function of the metabolic regulators LXRα/β in hepatic NKT cells remains unknown. In this study, we examined the role of LXRα and LXRβ in NKT cells using mice deficient for LXRα and/or LXRβ, and found that hepatic invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are drastically decreased in LXRα/β-KO mice. Cytokine production stimulated by the iNKT cell activator α-galactosylceramide was impaired in LXRα/β-KO hepatic mononuclear cells and in LXRα/β-KO mice. iNKT cell-mediated antitumor effect was also disturbed in LXRα/β-KO mice. LXRα/β-KO mice transplanted with wild-type bone marrow showed decreased iNKT cells in the liver and spleen. The thymus of LXRα/β-KO mice showed a decreased population of iNKT cells. In conclusion, LXRα and LXRβ are essential for NKT cell-mediated immunity, such as cytokine production and hepatic antitumor activity, and are involved in NKT cell development in immune tissues, such as the thymus.

Indexed as

AnimalsAntineoplastic AgentsBone MarrowBone Marrow TransplantationCytokinesGalactosylceramidesKiller Cells, NaturalLeukocytes, MononuclearLiverLiver NeoplasmsLiver X ReceptorsMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutNeoplasm Metastasisalpha-galactosylceramideAntineoplastic AgentsCytokinesGalactosylceramidesLiver X ReceptorsNr1h2 protein, mouseNr1h3 protein, mouse

Identifiers

PMID34799646
PMCPMC8604965
OpenAlexW3214509193

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.