Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34799609›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Humanistic and socioeconomic burden of COPD patients and their caregivers in Malaysia.

Anees Ur Rehman, Sohail Ayaz Muhammad, Zermina Tasleem, Alyaa Alsaedi, Mamoona Dar, Muhammad Omer Iqbal, Muhammad Fawad Rasool, Shahid Shah, Ghulam Abbas, Sadia Shakeel and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Assessment of potential drug interactions in rheumatology: a comparative study of decision support software.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Natural Products for the Management of Asthma and COPD.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2025
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
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  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Anees Ur RehmanDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia. aneesurrehmanr90@gmail.com.
Sohail Ayaz MuhammadSchool of Management Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia.
Zermina TasleemDepartment of Political Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, Pakistan.
Alyaa AlsaediSchool of Industrial Technology, University Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia.
Mamoona DarCollege of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
Muhammad Omer IqbalSchool of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
Muhammad Fawad RasoolDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, Pakistan.
Shahid ShahFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Ghulam AbbasFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Sadia ShakeelDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Khezar HayatInstitute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with substantial humanistic and socioeconomic burden on patients and their caregivers. COPD is expected to be 7th leading cause of disease burden till 2030. The objective of the current study was to assess the humanistic and socioeconomic burden of COPD patients and their caregivers in Malaysia. The burden includes the cost of management of COPD, QOL of COPD patients and their caregivers, work productivity and activity impairment of COPD patients and their caregivers due to COPD. One hundred and fifty COPD patients and their caregivers from the chest clinic of Penang Hospital were included in the study from August 2018 to August 2019. Caregiving cost was estimated using the replacement cost approach, while humanistic and social burden was assessed with the help of health status questionnaires. Overall, 64.66% and 7.1% of COPD patients reported to depend on informal caregivers and professional caregivers respectively. COPD patients reported dyspnoea score as 2.31 (1.31), EQ-5D-5L utility index 0.57 (0.23), CCI 2.3 (1.4), SGRQ-C 49.23 (18.61), productivity loss 31.87% and activity impairment 17.42%. Caregivers reported dyspnoea score as 0.72 (0.14), EQ-5D-5L utility index 0.57 (0.23), productivity loss 7.19% and social activity limitation as 21.63% due to taking care of COPD patients. In addition to the huge direct cost of management, COPD is also associated with substantial burden on society in terms of compromised quality of life, reduced efficiency at the workplace, activity impairment and caregiver burden.

Indexed as

CaregiversCost of IllnessAbsenteeismAdultComorbidityEfficiencyFemaleHealth StatusHumansMalaysiaMalePulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveQuality of LifeSocioeconomic FactorsSurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID34799609
PMCPMC8604899

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.