ArticleEpidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)2022
The Impact of Keeping Indoor Dining Closed on COVID-19 Rates Among Large US Cities: A Quasi-Experimental Design.
Article in Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advancing equitable and sustainable urban health.Nature medicine · 2025Review
- The epidemiologic case for urban health: conceptualizing and measuring the magnitude of challenges and potential benefits.F1000Research · 2024Review
- Invited Commentary: Some Social Epidemiologic Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Dining-Out Behavior as a Proxy for the Superspreading Potential of SARS-CoV-2 Infections: Modeling Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Article
- Considering multiple governance levels in epidemiologic analysis of public policies.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Article
- General practitioner visits after SARS-CoV-2 omicron compared with the delta variant in children in Norway: a prospective nationwide registry study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2022Article
- Concentric regulatory zones failed to halt surging COVID-19: Brooklyn 2020.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Racial and ethnic inequities in occupational exposure across and between US cities.SSM - population health · 2021Article
- Indoor Dining and In-Person Learning: A Comparison of 30 US Cities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIndoor dining is one of the potential drivers of COVID-19 transmission. We used the heterogeneity among state government preemption of city indoor dining closures to estimate the impact of keeping indoor dining closed on COVID-19 incidence.
methodsWe obtained case rates and city or state reopening dates from March to October 2020 in 11 US cities. We categorized cities as treatment cities that were allowed by the state to reopen but kept indoor dining closed or comparison cities that would have kept indoor dining closed but that were preempted by their state and had to reopen indoor dining. We modeled associations using a difference-in-difference approach and an event study specification. We ran negative binomial regression models, with city-day as the unit of analysis, city population as an offset, and controlling for time-varying nonpharmaceutical interventions, as well as city and time fixed effects in sensitivity analysis and the event study specification.
resultsKeeping indoor dining closed was associated with a 55% (IRR = 0.45; 95% confidence intervals = 0.21, 0.99) decline in the new COVID-19 case rate over 6 weeks compared with cities that reopened indoor dining, and these results were consistent after testing alternative modeling strategies.
conclusionsKeeping indoor dining closed may be directly or indirectly associated with reductions in COVID-19 spread. Evidence of the relationship between indoor dining and COVID-19 case rates can inform policies to restrict indoor dining as a tailored strategy to reduce COVID-19 incidence. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B902.
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