ReviewJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2021
T-cell intrinsic Toll-like receptor signaling: implications for cancer immunotherapy and CAR T-cells.
Review in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Selective inhibition of TLR2 stimulates the maturation of oligodendroglial progenitor cells to oligodendrocytes.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Whole transcriptome sequencing and ceRNA regulatory network in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Computational design and immunoinformatics validation of a T cell multi-epitope vaccine targeting glioblastoma stem cells.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of T cell activation: Integrating signaling pathways, experimental models, and therapeutic implications.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- Research progress on resistance mechanisms to CAR-T cell therapy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Triplet RNA Lipid Nanoparticles for Locoregional Cancer Immunotherapy.Small science · 2026Article
- Review
- A yeast surface display platform for characterizing CAR T cell responses to cancer antigens.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Advances in T-Cell-Directed Immunotherapy for Adult Mature B-Cell Lymphoma: A Comprehensive Review of CAR T-Cell and Bispecific Antibody Therapies.Cancer research and treatment · 2025Review
- Enhancing CAR T-Cell Function with Domains of Innate Immunity Sensors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Leveraging innate immune signals in CD8+ T cells to boost antitumor immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Targeting persistently activated inflammatory microenvironment to promote chronic wound healing.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- TMEM173 is a biomarker of predicting prognosis, immune responses and therapeutic effect in human lung adenocarcinoma.Discover oncology · 2024Article
- Novel insights into paclitaxel's role on tumor-associated macrophages in enhancing PD-1 blockade in breast cancer treatment.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Toll-like receptor 4 signaling activation domains promote CAR T cell function against solid tumors.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2024Article
- Article
- Harnessing innate immune pathways for therapeutic advancement in cancer.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Breed-Related Differential microRNA Expression and Analysis of Colostrum and Mature Milk Exosomes in Bamei and Landrace Pigs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Chimeric Antigen-LgDNA Nanoparticles Attenuate Airway Th2 Polarization.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved molecules that specifically recognize common microbial patterns, and have a critical role in innate and adaptive immunity. Although TLRs are highly expressed by innate immune cells, particularly antigen-presenting cells, the very first report of a human TLR also described its expression and function within T-cells. Gene knock-out models and adoptive cell transfer studies have since confirmed that TLRs function as important costimulatory and regulatory molecules within T-cells themselves. By acting directly on T-cells, TLR agonists can enhance cytokine production by activated T-cells, increase T-cell sensitivity to T-cell receptor stimulation, promote long-lived T-cell memory, and reduce the suppressive activity of regulatory T-cells. Direct stimulation of T-cell intrinsic TLRs may be a relevant mechanism of action of TLR ligands currently under clinical investigation as cancer immunotherapies. Finally, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells afford a new opportunity to specifically exploit T-cell intrinsic TLR function. This can be achieved by expressing TLR signaling domains, or domains from their signaling partner myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), within or alongside the CAR. This review summarizes the expression and function of TLRs within T-cells, and explores the relevance of T-cell intrinsic TLR expression to the benefits and risks of TLR-stimulating cancer immunotherapies, including CAR T-cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.