ArticleEnvironmental research2022
Personal care products: Demographic characteristics and maternal hormones in pregnant women from Puerto Rico.
Article in Environmental research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hair Dyes in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of pregnancy · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Investigating social appearance anxiety, fear of negative evaluation and body image and the use of personal care and cosmetic products during pregnancy.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- A cross-sectional study on the associations between serum metal exposure and thyroid hormones in chinese pregnant women.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Long-term negative mental health outcomes in mothers exposed to Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico during the pre- and perinatal periods.Journal of traumatic stress · 2026Article
- Network toxicology & molecular docking: endocrine-disrupting chemicals induce prostate cancer - a system study.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2026Article
- Research trends and hotspots of infertility and phthalate esters: a bibliometric and visualization analysis from 2001 to 2024.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Long-term impact of Hurricane Maria on point-of-use drinking water quality in Puerto Rico and associated potential adverse health effects.Water research · 2024Article
- Association between phthalate exposure and sleep quality in pregnant women: Results from the Korean Children's Environmental Health Study with repeated assessment of exposure.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2024Article
- Hair product use and urinary biomarker concentrations of non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemicals among reproductive-aged Black women.Chemosphere · 2024Article
- Use of personal care product mixtures and incident hormone-sensitive cancers in the Sister Study: A U.S.-wide prospective cohort.Environment international · 2024Article
- Environmental Endocrinology: Parabens Hazardous Effects on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Use of Chemical Hair Straighteners and Fecundability in a North American Preconception Cohort.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Longitudinal study of multidimensional factors influencing maternal and offspring health outcomes: a study protocol.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- Associations of personal care products use with reproductive outcomes of IVF/ICSI treatment.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Use of Straighteners and Other Hair Products and Incident Uterine Cancer.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2022Article
- Association of Exposure to Phthalate Metabolites With Sex Hormones, Obesity, and Metabolic Syndrome in US Women.JAMA network open · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Personal care products (PCPs) refer to a wide variety of items commonly characterized as health or beauty products. PCPs contain a number of ingredients, often including a wide range of endocrine disrupting chemicals such as phthalates and parabens. The present study examines the association between self-reported PCP use and prenatal sex-steroids and thyroid hormones levels in women from Puerto Rico. We recruited pregnant women (n = 1070) through the Puerto Rico PROTECT Cohort and collected blood, demographic and pregnancy-related data at recruitment and subsequent visits. PCP use in the 48-h preceding the blood sample was collected through self-reported questionnaires. Nine hormones (corticotropin-releasing hormone [CRH], sex-hormone binding globulin [SHBG], estriol [E3], progesterone, testosterone, thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH], total triiodothyronine [T3], total thyroxine [T4], and free thyroxine [fT4]) were measured in maternal serum samples at two points during pregnancy. Linear mixed models with random intercepts were used to examine associations between PCP use and serum hormone levels. Use of cosmetics significantly increased with age, household income and education level (p < 0.01). Use of hair products, such as hair dyes and bleach, relaxers, and mousse, was associated with lower levels of all sex steroid hormones compared to non-use: SHBG (%Δ = -7.1, 95%CI: -12.4,-1.8), E3 (%Δ = -23.2, 95%CI: -32.2,-13.0), progesterone (%Δ = -21.5, 95%CI: -29.4,-12.9) and testosterone (%Δ = -21.5, 95%CI: -33.1,-7.8) adjusted for maternal age, education and pre-pregnancy body mass index. Our findings suggest that household income and education level influence PCP use among pregnant women in this study. Use of certain hair products was associated with lower concentrations of sex steroid hormones. Although there are limitations to questionnaire data, characterizing PCP use is inexpensive and may represent exposure from multiple classes of chemicals, including chemicals that may not specifically appear on product labels and/or have not been tested for endocrine disrupting potential, making it a useful complement to chemical biomarker data.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.