ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2021
The epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminth infections in children up to 8 years of age: Findings from an Ecuadorian birth cohort.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Respiratory Morbidity in Children with Sickle Cell Disease in French Guiana: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal trends of neglected tropical disease hospitalizations in Ecuador over 25-years from 2000 to 2024.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Epidemiology of intestinal parasite infections and multiparasitism and their impact on growth and hemoglobin levels during childhood in tropical Ecuador: A longitudinal study using molecular detection methods.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Diversity and Prevalence of Helminths and Protozoa Among Pregnant Women in Tropical Ecuador: Implications for Chemotherapy.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Article
- Knowledge and practices of parents of school age children towards Helminthiasis and malaria in northwestern Ethiopia.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Geographic Distribution of Human Infections with Zoonotic Ancylostoma ceylanicum and Anthropophilic Hookworms in Ecuador: A Retrospective Analysis of Archived Stool Samples.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Health educational intervention by school nurses to prevent children's helminthic infection in Bangladesh: A cluster non-randomized controlled trial.Journal of education and health promotion · 2024Article
- Epidemiology of giardiasis and assemblages A and B and effects on diarrhea and growth trajectories during the first 8 years of life: Analysis of a birth cohort in a rural district in tropical Ecuador.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Effect of infant viral respiratory disease on childhood asthma in a non-industrialized setting.Clinical and translational allergy · 2023Article
- Prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasites among schoolchildren in Ecuador, with emphasis on the molecular diversity of Giardia duodenalis, Blastocystis sp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Editorial: Soil-transmitted helminth infections from a One Health perspective.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Micronutrients deficiencies and its correlation with the soil-transmitted helminthic infections among children and non-pregnant women in Nepal: findings from Nepal national micronutrient status survey.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The survey of soil-transmitted helminth species abundance in Slovakia with an emphasis on parameters important for their distribution.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere are few prospective longitudinal studies of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections during early childhood. We studied the epidemiology of and risk factors for soil-transmitted helminth infections from birth to 8 years of age in tropical Ecuador.
methods2,404 newborns were followed to 8 years of age with periodic stool sample collections. Stool samples were collected also from household members at the time of the child's birth and examined by microscopy. Data on social, environmental, and demographic characteristics were collected by maternal questionnaire. Associations between potential risk factors and STH infections were estimated using generalized estimated equations applied to longitudinal binary outcomes for presence or absence of infections at collection times.
resultsOf 2,404 children, 1,120 (46.6%) were infected with at least one STH infection during the first 8 years of life. The risk of A. lumbricoides (16.2%) was greatest at 3 years, while risks of any STH (25.1%) and T. trichiura (16.5%) peaked at 5 years. Factors significantly associated with any STH infection in multivariable analyses included age, day-care (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.03-1.73), maternal Afro-Ecuadorian ethnicity (non-Afro vs. Afro, OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.43-0.70) and lower educational level (secondary vs. illiterate, OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.22-0.45)), household overcrowding (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.21-1.94)), having a latrine rather than a water closet (WC vs. latrine, OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.62-0.95)), and STH infections among household members (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.59-2.58)). T. trichiura was more associated with poverty (high vs. low socioeconomic status, OR, 0.63, 95% CI 0.40-0.99)] and presence of infected siblings in the household (OR 3.42, 95% CI 2.24-5.22).
conclusionSTH infections, principally with A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura, peaked between 3 and 5 years in this cohort of children in tropical Ecuador. STH infections among household members were an important determinant of infection risk and could be targeted for control and elimination strategies.
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