Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34796590›Full record

ArticleGlobal change biology2022

Plague risk in the western United States over seven decades of environmental change.

Colin J Carlson, Sarah N Bevins, Boris V Schmid

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Global change biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Environmental and Host Blood Interactions ShapePathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  3. An adenoviral-vectored vaccine protects mice against aerosol challenge with Yersinia pestis.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
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  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Approaches for the Inactivation ofApplied biosafety : journal of the American Biological Safety Association · 2024
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. No evidence for persistent natural plague reservoirs in historical and modern Europe.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Exploring and Mitigating Plague for One Health Purposes.Current tropical medicine reports · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Colin J CarlsonCenter for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6960-8434
Sarah N BevinsUS Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service-Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Boris V SchmidCentre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

After several pandemics over the last two millennia, the wildlife reservoirs of plague (Yersinia pestis) now persist around the world, including in the western United States. Routine surveillance in this region has generated comprehensive records of human cases and animal seroprevalence, creating a unique opportunity to test how plague reservoirs are responding to environmental change. Here, we test whether animal and human data suggest that plague reservoirs and spillover risk have shifted since 1950. To do so, we develop a new method for detecting the impact of climate change on infectious disease distributions, capable of disentangling long-term trends (signal) and interannual variation in both weather and sampling (noise). We find that plague foci are associated with high-elevation rodent communities, and soil biochemistry may play a key role in the geography of long-term persistence. In addition, we find that human cases are concentrated only in a small subset of endemic areas, and that spillover events are driven by higher rodent species richness (the amplification hypothesis) and climatic anomalies (the trophic cascade hypothesis). Using our detection model, we find that due to the changing climate, rodent communities at high elevations have become more conducive to the establishment of plague reservoirs-with suitability increasing up to 40% in some places-and that spillover risk to humans at mid-elevations has increased as well, although more gradually. These results highlight opportunities for deeper investigation of plague ecology, the value of integrative surveillance for infectious disease geography, and the need for further research into ongoing climate change impacts.

Indexed as

PlagueYersinia pestisAnimalsClimate ChangeRodentiaSeroepidemiologic StudiesUnited StatesBayesian additive regression treesclimate changeecological niche modelingplagueYersinia pestis

Identifiers

PMID34796590
PMCPMC9299200

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.