ArticleVeterinary radiology & ultrasound : the official journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association2022
Breed-specific vertebral heart score, vertebral left atrial size, and radiographic left atrial dimension in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels: Reference interval study.
Article in Veterinary radiology & ultrasound : the official journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pre-anaesthetic risk assessment and management of dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease: a spectrum of care narrative review.The Journal of small animal practice · 2026Review
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- Evaluation of Cardiomegaly in Dogs Using the Manubrium Heart Score Method and Determination of Its Diagnostic Accuracy in Comparison with the Vertebral Heart Score.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Assessment of Pulmonary Vein Diameters in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Vertebral Heart Score and Vertebral Left Atrial Size as Radiographic Measurements for Cardiac Size in Dogs-A Literature Review.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Radiographic Left Atrial Size Measurement of Dogs in Different Mitral Valve Disease Stages with Four Different Methods.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- The Thoracic Inlet Length as a Reference Point to Radiographically Assess Cardiac Enlargement in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Thoracic Vertebral Length-to-Height Ratio, a Promising Parameter to Predict the Vertebral Heart Score in Normal Welsh Corgi Pembroke Dogs.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- The Thoracic Inlet Heart Size, a New Approach to Radiographic Cardiac Measurement.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Development of an artificial intelligence-based method for the diagnosis of the severity of myxomatous mitral valve disease from canine chest radiographs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Breed-specific vertebral heart score, vertebral left atrial size, and radiographic left atrial dimension in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels: Reference interval study.Veterinary radiology & ultrasound : the official journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association · 2022Article
- Article
- Utility of vertebral left atrial size and vertebral heart size to aid detection of congestive heart failure in dogs with respiratory signs.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) are predisposed to developing myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), with radiographs frequently used to screen for evidence of left-sided cardiomegaly secondary to MMVD. Vertebral heart size (VHS), vertebral left atrial size (VLAS), modified VLAS (M-VLAS), and radiographic left atrial dimension (RLAD) are reported as objective measurements of global heart size and left atrial size. Normal VHS in CKCS (10.6 ± 0.5) is reportedly higher than the non-breed-specific value (9.7±0.5). Breed-specific VLAS, M-VLAS, and RLAD cut-offs have not been reported in CKCS. The aim of this prospective reference interval study was to describe the VHS, VLAS, M-VLAS, and RLAD values for 30 clinically healthy adult CKCS. Inclusion criteria were unremarkable physical examination, normal echocardiography, and thoracic radiographs without malposition/abnormalities. There were 22 female and eight male dogs. Ages ranged from 1 to 6 years. The VHS mean value in our sample was 10.08 ± 0.56 (95% range, 9.87-10.29). This was significantly greater than a previously published general canine reference value of 9.7 ± 0.5 and significantly less than a previously published CKCS breed-specific value of 10.6 ± 0.5 (P < 0.01). Mean VLAS, M-VLAS, and the RLAD values in our study were 1.79 ± 0.3 (95% range, 1.68-1.9), 2.23 ± 0.44 (95% range, 2.06-2.39), and 1.2 ± 0.34 (95% range, 1.07-1.33), respectively. These were significantly less than previously published reference interval values (P < 0.001). The VHS, M-VLAS, and the RLAD were not affected by sex, body weight, or BCS; whereas the VLAS was moderately affected by body weight. Findings from this study can be used as background for future thoracic radiographic assessments in CKCS.
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