Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34795889›Full record

ReviewTherapeutic advances in hematology2021

Bortezomib in autoimmune hemolytic anemia and beyond.

Raffaella Pasquale, Juri Alessandro Giannotta, Wilma Barcellini, Bruno Fattizzo

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Therapeutic advances in hematology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
4.4field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Targeting ubiquitination in disease and therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025
    Review
  5. Management of autoimmune hemolytic anemia.Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program · 2025
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Efficacy and Safety of Weekly Bortezomib-dexamethasone as the Third-Line Therapy for Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: a Case Series of 5 Patients.Indian journal of hematology & blood transfusion : an official journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion · 2025
    Article
  9. Autoimmune haemolytic anaemias.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2024
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias: Challenges in Diagnosis and Therapy.Transfusion medicine and hemotherapy : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie · 2024
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Sequential immunotherapy: towards cures for autoimmunity.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2024
    Review
  14. [The treatment strategies of autoimmune hemolytic anemia].Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi · 2024
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Rituximab resistance in ITP and beyond.Frontiers in immunology · 2023
    Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Raffaella PasqualeDepartment of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Juri Alessandro GiannottaHematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Wilma BarcelliniHematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Bruno FattizzoDepartment of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0857-8379
Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico · ITUniversity of Milan · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bortezomib is a first-in-class, potent, selective and reversible proteasome inhibitor approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma. In these diseases, bortezomib targets plasma cells and lymphocytes reducing tumor burden. Recently, preclinical evidence highlighted its efficacy in reducing long-lived plasma cells responsible of autoantibodies production in several models of autoimmune conditions. These findings paved the way to a number of experiences of bortezomib use in patients with various autoimmune conditions, including autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). The latter is a nice model of autoimmunity in hematology and is caused by the production of autoantibodies against erythrocytes resulting in various degrees of hemolytic anemia. AIHA is classified in warm and cold forms according to the thermal characteristics of the autoantibody, and first-line treatment mainly relies on steroids for warm cases and the anti-CD20 rituximab for cold ones. Relapsed/refractory cases are still an unmet need, and bortezomib has been proposed in this setting with intriguing efficacy. In this review, we collected available literature on bortezomib use in AIHA and in other immune-mediated hematologic and non-hematologic diseases. Overall, most experiences highlight bortezomib efficacy even in multi-relapsed/refractory patients and suggest to consider its use in AIHA after rituximab failure.

Indexed as

autoimmune diseasesautoimmune hemolytic anemiabortezomiblong-lived plasma cells

Identifiers

PMID34795889
PMCPMC8593301
OpenAlexW3213901885

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.