ArticleNature communications2021
Pre-existing immunity and vaccine history determine hemagglutinin-specific CD4 T cell and IgG response following seasonal influenza vaccination.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influenza vaccines promote humoral and cellular immune responses: a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Antibody persistence of standard versus double three-dose hepatitis B vaccine in liver transplant children: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- A Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare Immunogenicity to Cell-Based Versus Live-Attenuated Influenza Vaccines in Children.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2023Trial
- Pre-existing and cross-reactive immunity to avian influenza H5N1 in humans: Implications for pandemic risk and vaccine strategies.The Journal of infection · 2026Review
- Pre-existing hemagglutinin-specific antibody levels are associated with B-cell repertoire maturation and antibody breadth after influenza vaccination.Virologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Inhibition of mitochondrial ROS by TACI sustains bone marrow plasma cells.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The impact of influenza vaccination on the clinical severity of influenza among children aged 6 months to 6 years living in the community: a prospective cohort study.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2026Article
- High-dose influenza vaccine augments serological and cellular immunity of older people with HIV.JCI insight · 2026Article
- The role of T cells in influenza infection and vaccination.Virologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Article
- Nasal and systemic immune responses correlate with viral shedding after influenza challenge in people with complex preexisting immunity.Science translational medicine · 2025Article
- The effect of sleep and shift work on the primary immune response to messenger RNA-based COVID-19 vaccination.Journal of sleep research · 2025Article
- Deconvoluting TCR-dependent and -independent activation is vital for reliable Ag-specific CD4Science advances · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Similar humoral responses but distinct CD4Scientific reports · 2024Article
- TNature immunology · 2024Article
- Pre-existing immunity to influenza aids ferrets in developing stronger and broader H3 vaccine-induced antibody responses.Vaccine · 2024Article
- Review
- Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines BBV152 (COVAXIN®) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (COVISHIELD™) in seronegative and seropositive individuals in India: a multicentre, nonrandomised observational study.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccination varies between individuals and might be affected by vaccination history among other factors. Here we show, by monitoring frequencies of CD4 T cells specific to the conserved hemagglutinin epitope HA
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.