ArticleNature communications2021
GAPDH controls extracellular vesicle biogenesis and enhances the therapeutic potential of EV mediated siRNA delivery to the brain.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 66 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lineage-tailored vesicles from human retinal ganglion-like cells drive metabolic homeostasis and bioenergetic recovery in glaucoma.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Heparin Can Augment Extracellular Vesicle Yield by Inhibiting Reuptake in Donor Cells During Cell Propagation.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Generating exosome subtypes: diverse membrane origins and mergers.Trends in cell biology · 2026Review
- Secreted protein combination GAPDH/S100A8/S100A9 from human expanded potential stem cells counteracts mesenchymal stromal cell senescence.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Article
- Subcellular localization as a driver of protein function.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles from plasma of patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy induce neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in rats, which are prevented by treating the patients with rifaximin.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Effective delivery of genome editor to cervical cancer targeting Mcl1 for cancer therapy.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Article
- Bioengineering of extracellular vesicles with scaffold proteins for drug delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Development of Endogenous Protein Probes for Characterizing Surface Proteins and Cellular Interactors of Extracellular Vesicles.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Modeling tissue-specific Drosophila metabolism identifies high sugar diet-induced metabolic dysregulation in muscle at reaction and pathway levels.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Genomic characterization of rabies virus glycoprotein co-expressing CD70 CAR-T cells during killing of glioma cellsFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Multifunctional Hybrid Nanomedicines for Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Paradigm Shift from Rational Design to Clinical Translation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Lithium-induced neuroprotection in bipolar disorder: Translational insights into cytoskeletal and proteomic mechanisms.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Review
- First In Silico Study of TwoInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Generation of Cellular Biofactories for Scalable Production of Surface-Engineered Extracellular Vesicles via CRISPR Genome Editing.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- RNAi delivery mediated by milk extracellular vesicles in colon cancer.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Extracellular Vesicles in Arthropods: Biogenesis, Functions, Isolation Methods and Applications.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Reproduction: Biology, Production, and Potential Applications in Livestock Breeding.Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles for Clinical Diagnostics: From Bulk Measurements to Single-Vesicle Analysis.ACS nano · 2025Review
- Amyloid-β disrupts APP-regulated protein aggregation and dissociation from recycling endosomal membranes.The EMBO journal · 2025Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are biological nanoparticles with important roles in intercellular communication, and potential as drug delivery vehicles. Here we demonstrate a role for the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in EV assembly and secretion. We observe high levels of GAPDH binding to the outer surface of EVs via a phosphatidylserine binding motif (G58), which promotes extensive EV clustering. Further studies in a Drosophila EV biogenesis model reveal that GAPDH is required for the normal generation of intraluminal vesicles in endosomal compartments, and promotes vesicle clustering. Fusion of the GAPDH-derived G58 peptide to dsRNA-binding motifs enables highly efficient loading of small interfering RNA (siRNA) onto the EV surface. Such vesicles efficiently deliver siRNA to multiple anatomical regions of the brain in a Huntington's disease mouse model after systemic injection, resulting in silencing of the huntingtin gene in different regions of the brain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.