Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34795053›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021

Single-neuron firing cascades underlie global spontaneous brain events.

Xiao Liu, David A Leopold, Yifan Yang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  4. Sleep deprivation exhibits an age-dependent effect on infraslow global brain activity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
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  11. Brainwide blood volume reflects opposing neural populations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Early menopause is associated with reduced global brain activity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
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  19. Article
  20. Global brain activity and its coupling with cerebrospinal fluid flow is related to tau pathology.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Xiao LiuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; xxl213@psu.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-8459-3135
David A LeopoldNeurophysiology Imaging Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892.ORCID 0000-0002-1345-6360
Yifan YangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.ORCID 0000-0001-5384-5072

Funding

The Neural Underpinnings of Functional MRI NetworksZIAMH002896 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI LEOPOLD, DAVID A · 2009 to 2025
$13.6M
The role of brain arousal in resting-state functional MRIR01NS113889 · NINDS · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI LIU, XIAO · 2020 to 2024
$1.8M
Multimodal study of infra-slow propagating brain activityRF1MH123247 · NIMH · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI LIU, XIAO · 2020 to 2020
$1.2M
Neural Basis of Resting-State Functional ConnectivityR00NS092996 · NINDS · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI LIU, XIAO · 2017 to 2019
$732k
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA MH002896NIMH NIH HHS RF1 MH123247NINDS NIH HHS R00 NS092996NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS113889
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The resting brain consumes enormous energy and shows highly organized spontaneous activity. To investigate how this activity is manifest among single neurons, we analyzed spiking discharges of ∼10,000 isolated cells recorded from multiple cortical and subcortical regions of the mouse brain during immobile rest. We found that firing of a significant proportion (∼70%) of neurons conformed to a ubiquitous, temporally sequenced cascade of spiking that was synchronized with global events and elapsed over timescales of 5 to 10 s. Across the brain, two intermixed populations of neurons supported orthogonal cascades. The relative phases of these cascades determined, at each moment, the response magnitude evoked by an external visual stimulus. Furthermore, the spiking of individual neurons embedded in these cascades was time locked to physiological indicators of arousal, including local field potential power, pupil diameter, and hippocampal ripples. These findings demonstrate that the large-scale coordination of low-frequency spontaneous activity, which is commonly observed in brain imaging and linked to arousal, sensory processing, and memory, is underpinned by sequential, large-scale temporal cascades of neuronal spiking across the brain.

Indexed as

Action PotentialsAnimalsArousalBrainBrain MappingHippocampusMiceNeuronsRestglobal signalhippocampal rippleslow-frequency resting-state activityneuronal population dynamicssequential activations

Identifiers

PMID34795053
PMCPMC8617517

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.