ArticleBMC anesthesiology2021
Extubation in the operating room results in fewer composite mechanical ventilation-related adverse outcomes in patients after liver transplantation: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in BMC anesthesiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 10 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Association Between Early Extubation and Postoperative Complications After Liver Transplantation: A Retrospective Propensity Score-matched Analysis
Effects of Anesthesia Quality Improvement on Outcomes of Patients With Planned ICU Admission: a Prospective Pre-post Intervention Study
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Early extubation in low-risk liver transplant recipients: a quality improvement project.BMJ open quality · 2026Article
- Frailty and Early Extubation Independently Influence Postoperative Recovery Following Liver Transplantation-A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of transplantation · 2026Article
- Immediate Extubation Following Living Donor Liver Transplantation: Feasibility, Safety, and Impact on Early Outcomes.International journal of hepatology · 2026Article
- Impact of tracheal extubation location after surgical procedures on peri-operative times: a prospective dual-centre observational study.Anaesthesia · 2025Observational
- Relevant clinical factors for early extubation in living-donor liver transplantation: A single-center retrospective cohort study.World journal of clinical cases · 2025Article
- Effects of Nefopam on Postoperative Analgesia in Operating Room-Extubated Patients Undergoing Living Donor Liver Transplantation: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Effects of immediate extubation in the operating room on long-term outcomes in living donor liver transplantation: a retrospective cohort study.Anesthesia and pain medicine · 2025Article
- A novel nomogram for predicting the decision to delayed extubation after thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery.Annals of medicine · 2023Review
- Factors associated with artificial airway retention after skull base chordoma resection: A retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo investigate the effect of extubation in the operating room (OR) on mechanical ventilation-related adverse outcomes in patients who undergo liver transplantation.
methodsPatients who underwent liver transplantation between January 2016 and December 2019 were included. According to the timing of extubation, patients were divided into OR extubation group and intensive care unit (ICU) extubation group. The propensity score was used to match OR extubation group and ICU extubation group at a 1:2 ratio by demographical and clinical covariates. The primary outcome was a composite of mechanical ventilation-related adverse outcomes, including 30-day all-cause mortality, in-hospital acute kidney injury (stage 2 or 3), and in-hospital moderate to severe pulmonary complications. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital moderate to severe infectious complications, unplanned reintubation rates, ICU and postoperative hospital lengths of stay, and total hospital cost.
resultsA total of 438 patients were enrolled. After propensity score matching, 94 patients were in OR extubation group and 148 patients were in ICU extubation group. Incidence of the composite mechanical ventilation-related adverse outcomes was significantly lower in OR extubation group than ICU extubation group, even after adjusting for confounding factors (19.1% vs. 31.8%; Odds Ratio, 0.509; 95% Confidence Index [CI], 0.274-0.946; P=0.031). The duration of ICU stay was much shorter in OR extubation group than ICU extubation group (median 4, Interquartile range [IQR] (3 ~ 6) vs. median 6, IQR (4 ~ 8); P<0.001). Meanwhile, extubation in the OR led to a significant reduction of total hospital cost compared with extubation in the ICU (median 3.9, IQR (3.5 ~ 4.6) 10000 US dollars vs. median 4.1, IQR (3.8 ~ 5.1) 10000 US dollars; P=0.021). However, there were no statistically significant differences in moderate to severe infectious complications, unplanned reintubation rates, and the length of postoperative hospital stay between groups.
conclusionsAmong patients who underwent liver transplantation, extubation in the OR compared with extubation in the ICU, significantly reduced the primary composite outcome of 30-day all-cause mortality, in-hospital acute kidney injury (stage 2 or 3), or in-hospital moderate to severe pulmonary complications.
trial registrationThe trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov with registration number NCT04261816. Retrospectively registered on 1st February 2020.
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