ArticleJournal of the Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry
Cognitive Dysfunction, Psychiatric Distress, and Functional Decline After COVID-19.
Article in Journal of the Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Meta-analysis of Cognitive Function Following Non-severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Neuropsychology review · 2025Pooled it
- Neurocognitive Impairment in Long COVID: A Systematic Review.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2025Pooled it
- Cognitive domains affected post-COVID-19; a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Psychiatric symptoms in Long-COVID patients: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- COVID-19 associated cognitive impairment: A systematic review.Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior · 2022Pooled it
- Changes in cognitive functioning after COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2022Pooled it
- Digital Interventions Addressing Cognitive and Psychological Symptoms in Long COVID: Scoping Review of Multicomponent Approaches.Interactive journal of medical research · 2026Review
- Factors associated with severe neurological sequelae of COVID-19: findings from the multicenter COVID-BRAIN imaging cohort.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- How do fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, activity and role functioning, and mental health inter-relate in adults with post-COVID-19 syndrome? A structural equation model analysis.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Cognitive Impairment in Post-COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Neuropsychological Evaluation Study.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2025Article
- Cognitive dysfunction, psychiatric distress, and functional decline after liver transplantation.Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society · 2025Article
- Rates and Predictors of Performance Validity Test Failure in Adults Treated for Post-COVID-19 Condition: a Brief Report.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2025Article
- Insights on the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying hippocampus-dependent memory impairment in COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- COVID-19 and Cognitive Change in a Community-Based Cohort.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Neurocognitive Impairment After COVID-19: Mechanisms, Phenotypes, and Links to Alzheimer's Disease.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- A Step Forward in Long COVID Research: Validating the Post-COVID Cognitive Impairment Scale.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2024Article
- A case-control study of reaction time deficits in a 3D virtual reality in patients with Post-COVID syndrome.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Altered functional brain connectivity, efficiency, and information flow associated with brain fog after mild to moderate COVID-19 infection.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Characterization of postintensive care syndrome in a prospective cohort of survivors of COVID-19 critical illness: a 12-month follow-up study.Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie · 2024Article
- Methylphenidate for the Treatment of Post-COVID Cognitive Dysfunction (Brain Fog).Journal of medical cases · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere is a limited understanding of the cognitive and psychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 during the post-acute phase, particularly among racially and ethnically diverse patients.
objectiveWe sought to prospectively characterize cognition, mental health symptoms, and functioning approximately four months after an initial diagnosis of COVID-19 in a racially and ethnically diverse group of patients.
methodsApproximately four months after COVID-19 diagnosis, patients in the Johns Hopkins Post-Acute COVID-19 Team Pulmonary Clinic underwent a clinical telephone-based assessment of cognition, depression, anxiety, trauma, and function.
resultsMost Johns Hopkins Post-Acute COVID-19 Team patients assessed were women (59%) and members of racial/ethnic minority groups (65%). Of 82 patients, 67% demonstrated ≥1 abnormally low cognitive score. Patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) stays displayed greater breadth and severity of impairment than those requiring less intensive treatment. Processing speed (35%), verbal fluency (26%-32%), learning (27%), and memory (27%) were most commonly impaired. Among all patients, 35% had moderate symptoms of depression (23%), anxiety (15%), or functional decline (15%); 25% of ICU patients reported trauma-related distress. Neuropsychiatric symptoms and functional decline did not differ by post-ICU versus non-ICU status and were unrelated to global cognitive composite scores.
conclusionsAt approximately 4 months after acute illness, cognitive dysfunction, emotional distress, and functional decline were common among a diverse clinical sample of COVID-19 survivors varying in acute illness severity. Patients requiring ICU stays demonstrated greater breadth and severity of cognitive impairment than those requiring less intensive treatment. Findings help extend our understanding of the nature, severity, and potential duration of neuropsychiatric morbidity after COVID-19 and point to the need for longitudinal assessment of cognitive and mental health outcomes among COVID-19 survivors of different demographic backgrounds and illness characteristics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.