ArticlePloS one2021
Parents' reasons for nonadherence to referral to follow-up eye care for schoolchildren who failed school-based vision screening in Cross River State, Nigeria-A descriptive qualitative study.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors that influence eye care utilization in Nigeria: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Barriers and limitations of conventional oculovisual screening methods in children: a systematic review perspective.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Pooled it
- Preliminary effectiveness of musical messaging to improve child eye health service uptake in Zanzibar: a pilot randomised trial.BMJ open · 2025Trial
- Article
- Individual and School-Level Factors Associated with Pediatric Eye Disorders and Referral Adherence in an Enhanced School-Based Vision Screening Program in Ghana.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Individual and school-level factors associated with suspected pediatric eye disorders and referral adherence in an enhanced school-based vision screening program in Ghana.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Enhanced school-based vision screening in Kumasi, Ghana: a pilot study to assess feasibility.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Current status of school vision screening-rationale, models, impact and challenges: a review.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Vision impairment in boys recruited to the iREAD study.Israel journal of health policy research · 2025Article
- Caregivers' Experience of Supporting Deaf Adults with Mental Health Disorders in Ghana.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Text message reminders for visit adherence among non-communicable disease patients in Haiti: A pilot study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Priorities in school eye health in low and middle-income countries a scoping review.Eye (London, England) · 2024Article
- Addressing Health Disparities in Pediatric Eye Care for School-Age Children: A Call to Action.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Article
- Development and validation of a questionnaire for assessing parents' health literacy regarding vision screening for children: a Delphi study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The role of parental health beliefs in seeking an eye examination for their child.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Caretakers' stated willingness to pay for children's spectacles in cross river state, Nigeria and its implication for a cross-subsidisation scheme: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Social, Educational and Medical Aspects after Cataract Surgery of Bilaterally Blind Children in Kinshasa-Perception of Parents and Children.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Factors affecting guardians' decision making on clinic-based purchase of children's spectacles in Nigeria.PloS one · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUncorrected refractive error (URE) is a major cause of vision impairment in children worldwide. Cases are often detected through a school-based vision screening program and then treated in a follow-up appointment. This requires parents or guardians ('parents') to adhere to referrals for the eye exam and care plan. We aim to understand the reasons for parents' referral non-adherence in Cross River State, Nigeria, using qualitative methods.
methodsTen focus groups were held with parents who had not adhered to the referral for a follow-up eye examination. Participants were recruited with help from staff in schools hosting the vision screening programme. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide, audio taped and transcribed verbatim. After identifying relevant quotes, the researchers labelled each one with a descriptive code/subcode label. Then they clustered the data into categories and overarching themes.
resultsForty-four parents participated in 10 focus group discussions with 28 women and 16 men. Three themes and participated in the focus group discussions with 28 women (63%). Twelve themes were generated. The three megathemes were Modifiable Factors (with 4 themes), Contextual Factors (with 6 themes), and Recommendations (with 2 themes).
conclusionParticipants identified modifiable barriers that make it difficult for parents to adhere to a referral for a follow-up eye exam. These include not believing their child has a vision problem or the screening test, and issues with the referral letter. They also described important contextual factors such as poverty, logistical problems, parental attitudes towards their children and beliefs about appropriate care. Many of these issues could be addressed by following their recommendation to educate the public on the importance of child eye care and correct parents' misconceptions. These themes will be used by the Nigerian government to enhance and scale up its child eye health programme.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.