Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34793485›Full record

ArticlePloS one2021

Recombinant production of a functional SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain in the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Anthony J Berndt, Tressa N Smalley, Bijie Ren, Ryan Simkovsky, Amr Badary, Ashley E Sproles, Francis J Fields, Yasin Torres-Tiji, Vanessa Heredia, Stephen P Mayfield

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.

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  9. The red algaProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
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  14. An Algae-Made RBD from SARS-CoV-2 Is Immunogenic in Mice.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Anthony J BerndtDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0002-0132-7393
Tressa N SmalleyDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0001-9938-0274
Bijie RenDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
Ryan SimkovskyDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0001-6837-0460
Amr BadaryDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
Ashley E SprolesDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0001-5408-7592
Francis J FieldsDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0003-1152-2405
Yasin Torres-TijiDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0001-8976-1620
Vanessa HerediaDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
Stephen P MayfieldDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0001-7642-9047
University of California San Diego · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recombinant production of viral proteins can be used to produce vaccine antigens or reagents to identify antibodies in patient serum. Minimally, these proteins must be correctly folded and have appropriate post-translation modifications. Here we report the production of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) in the green algae Chlamydomonas. RBD fused to a fluorescent reporter protein accumulates as an intact protein when targeted for ER-Golgi retention or secreted from the cell, while a chloroplast localized version is truncated. The ER-retained RBD fusion protein was able to bind the human ACE2 receptor, the host target of SARS-CoV-2, and was specifically out-competed by mammalian cell-produced recombinant RBD, suggesting that the algae produced proteins are sufficiently post-translationally modified to act as authentic SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Because algae can be grown at large scale very inexpensively, this recombinant protein may be a low cost alternative to other expression platforms.

Indexed as

Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiProtein Interaction Domains and MotifsRecombinant ProteinsSpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusCloning, MolecularHumansRecombinant ProteinsSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID34793485
PMCPMC8601568
OpenAlexW3212270627

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.