Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34793261›Full record

ArticleJournal of the Royal Society of Medicine2022

Price versus clinical guidelines in primary care statin prescribing: a retrospective cohort study and cost simulation model.

Matias Ortiz De Zarate, Emmanouil Mentzakis, Simon Ds Fraser, Paul Roderick, Paul Rutter, Carmine Ornaghi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Matias Ortiz De ZarateDepartment of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Southampton,Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
Emmanouil MentzakisDepartment of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Southampton,Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
Simon Ds FraserSchool of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
Paul RoderickSchool of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
Paul RutterSchool of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Science, 6697University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2UP, UK.
Carmine OrnaghiDepartment of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Southampton,Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2704-2537

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo investigate the relative impact of generic entry and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence clinical guidelines on prescribing using statins as an exemplar.

designRetrospective analysis of statin prescribing in primary care and cost simulation model.

settingRoyal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre (RCGP R&SC) database and Prescription Cost Analysis (PCA) database.

participantsNew patients prescribed statins for the first time between July 2003 and September 2018.

main outcome measuresShares of new patients prescribed one of the five statins available in the British National Formulary, and cost of prescribing statins to new and existing patients in primary care in England.

resultsGeneral trends of statin' prescriptions were largely driven by a decrease in acquisition costs triggered by patent expiration, preceding NICE guidelines which themselves did not seem to affect prescription trends. Significant heterogeneity is observed in the prescription of the most cost-effective statin acrossGPs. A cost simulation shows that, between 2004 and 2018, the NHS could have saved £2.8bn (around 40% of the £6.3bn spent on statins during this time) if all GP practices had prescribed only the most cost-effective treatment.

conclusionsThere is potential for large savings for the NHS if new and, whenever possible, ongoing patients are promptly switched to the first medicine that becomes available as generic within a therapeutic class as long as it has similar efficacy to still-patented medicines.

Indexed as

Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsDrugs, GenericHumansPractice Patterns, Physicians'Primary Health CareRetrospective StudiesDrugs, GenericHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitorsclinical guidelinespatent expirationprescribing behaviourstatins

Identifiers

PMID34793261
PMCPMC8981530

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.