ArticleCell biology and toxicology2023
Autocrine S100B in astrocytes promotes VEGF-dependent inflammation and oxidative stress and causes impaired neuroprotection.
Article in Cell biology and toxicology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maresin1 Improves Angiogenesis and Cognitive Function by Regulating Perivascular Macrophages in Rats with Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Covert hepatic encephalopathy as a multi-organ syndrome: the gut-liver-muscle-brain axis, diagnosis, treatment, and multidisciplinary care.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Liraglutide Attenuates Multiorgan Oxidative, Astroglial, and Mitochondrial Stress Responses in Thioacetamide-Induced Hepatic Encephalopathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The crosstalk between blood-brain barrier and neural cells: bidirectional regulation of brain function and pathology.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Review
- S100B induces angiogenesis via the clathrin/FOXO1/β-catenin signaling pathway and contributes to Bevacizumab resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- S100B in brain-gut-liver crosstalk: from glial activation to multiorgan inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Neuroprotective effect of niacin in a rat model of obesity induced by high-fat-rich diet.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Diverse role of S100 calcium-binding protein B in alzheimer's disease: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Reactive Astrocytes in Glioma: Emerging Opportunities and Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Identifying Specificity Protein 2 as a key marker for diabetic encephalopathy in the context of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine.The EPMA journal · 2025Article
- Astrocyte-mediated inflammatory responses in traumatic brain injury: mechanisms and potential interventions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Astrocyte-microglia crosstalk in subarachnoid hemorrhage: mechanisms and treatments.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Miniaturization of hiPSC-derived 3D neural cultures in stirred-tank bioreactors for parallelized preclinical assessment of rAAV.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Emerging roles of astrocytes in blood-brain barrier disruption upon amyloid-beta insults in Alzheimer's disease.Neural regeneration research · 2023Review
- Inhibition of NF-κB ameliorates aberrant retinal glia activation and inflammatory responses in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Annals of translational medicine · 2023Article
- Cellular Pathogenesis of Hepatic Encephalopathy: An Update.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Astrocytes derived from neural progenitor cells are susceptible to Zika virus infection.PloS one · 2023Article
- Protective role of VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling against high fatality associated with hepatic encephalopathy via sustaining mitochondrial bioenergetics functions.Journal of biomedical science · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is strongly associated with neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism of the induction of inflammatory response in MHE astrocytes remains not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of S100B, a predominant isoform expressed and released from mature astrocytes, on MHE-like neuropathology in the MHE rat model. We discovered that S100B expressions and autocrine were significantly increased in MHE rat brains and MHE rat brain-derived astrocytes. Furthermore, S100B stimulates VEGF expression via the interaction between TLR2 and RAGE in an autocrine manner. S100B-facilitated VEGF autocrine expression further led to a VEGFR2 and COX-2 interaction, which in turn induced the activation of NFƙB, eventually resulting in inflammation and oxidative stress in MHE astrocytes. MHE astrocytes supported impairment of neuronal survival and growth in a co-culture system. To sum up, a comprehensive understanding of the role of S100B-overexpressed MHE astrocyte in MHE pathogenesis may provide insights into the etiology of MHE.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.