ArticleJournal of vision2021
Perceptual confidence judgments reflect self-consistency.
Article in Journal of vision, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Towards an integrative neuroscience of metacognition.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Confidence judgments, feelings of knowing and judgments of learning: Towards a common framework.Memory & cognition · 2026Article
- Domain generality is an emergent, not inherent, property of metacognition.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- Filling-in of the foveal rod scotoma and confidence preference for central vision under mesopic viewing conditions.Vision research · 2026Article
- Visual confidence accurately tracks increasing internal noise with eccentricity in peripheral vision.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Low confidence for perceptual completion of partially occluded objects.Journal of vision · 2026Article
- Building worlds of your own: the functional role of metacognitive bias in metacognition.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Long-term perceptual priors drive confidence bias that favors prior-congruent evidence.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Task-optimized models of sensory uncertainty reproduce human confidence judgments.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Computational and Neuronal Basis of Visual Confidence.Annual review of vision science · 2025Review
- Subjective Confidence as a Monitor of the Replicability of the Response.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2025Article
- Sensory population activity reveals downstream confidence computations in the primate visual system.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Computational characterization of metacognitive ability in subjective decision-making.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- An entropy model of decision uncertainty.Journal of mathematical psychology · 2025Article
- The confidence-noise confidence-boost (CNCB) model of confidence rating data.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Prior Information Shapes Perceptual Confidence.Journal of cognition · 2025Article
- Confidence in auditory perceptual completion.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2025Article
- Bayesian confidence in optimal decisions.Psychological review · 2024Article
- Fork in the road: How self-efficacy related to walking across terrain influences gaze behavior and path choice.Journal of vision · 2024Article
- Measuring the perception and metacognition of time.Journal of vision · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Each perceptual decision is commonly attached to a judgment of confidence in the uncertainty of that decision. Confidence is classically defined as the estimate of the posterior probability of the decision to be correct, given the evidence. Here we argue that correctness is neither a valid normative statement of what observers should be doing after their perceptual decision nor a proper descriptive statement of what they actually do. Instead, we propose that perceivers aim at being self-consistent with themselves. We present behavioral evidence obtained in two separate psychophysical experiments that human observers achieve that aim. In one experiment adaptation led to aftereffects, and in the other prior stimulus occurrences were manipulated. We show that confidence judgments perfectly follow changes in perceptual reports and response times, regardless of the nature of the bias. Although observers are able to judge the validity of their percepts, they are oblivious to how biased these percepts are. Focusing on self-consistency rather than correctness leads us to interpret confidence as an estimate of the reliability of one's perceptual decision rather than a distance to an unattainable truth.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.