ArticleOrthopaedic surgery2021
Motor Bur Milling State Identification via Fast Fourier Transform Analyzing Sound Signal in Cervical Spine Posterior Decompression Surgery.
Article in Orthopaedic surgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- State-of-the-Art of Non-Radiative, Non-Visual Spine Sensing with a Focus on Sensing Forces, Vibrations and Bioelectrical Properties: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Pooled it
- Recent advances in robotic-assisted laminectomy in spine surgery: a narrative review.Asian spine journal · 2026Article
- Multisensory Integration for Identifying the Milling States in Robot-Assisted Cervical Laminectomy.Orthopaedic surgery · 2025Article
- Dura Vibration Difference Between PTP Bone Resection and Upper Facet Joints En Bolc Resection in Posterior Thoracic Decompression.Orthopaedic surgery · 2025Article
- Identification of milling status based on vibration signals using artificial intelligence in robot-assisted cervical laminectomy.European journal of medical research · 2023Article
- Surgical Tool Handle Vibration-Based Drilling State Recognition During Hip Fracture Fixation.Orthopaedic surgery · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo investigate the real-time sensitive feedback parameter of the motor bur milling state in cervical spine posterior decompression surgery, to possibly improve the safety of cervical spine posterior decompression and robot-assisted spinal surgeries.
methodsIn this study, the cervical spine of three healthy male and three healthy female pigs were randomly selected. Six porcine cervical spine specimens were fixed to the vibration isolation system. The milling state of the motor bur was defined as the lamina cancellous bone (CA), lamina ventral corticalbone (VCO), and penetrating ventral cortical bone (PVCO). A 5-mm bur milled the CA and VCO, and a 2-mm bur milled the VCO and PVCO. A miniature microphone was used to collect the sound signal (SS) of milling lamina which was then extracted using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). When using 5-mm and 2-mm bur to mill, the CA, VCO, and PVCO of each specimen were continuously collected at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 kHz frequencies for SS magnitudes. The study randomly selected the SS magnitudes of the CA and VCO continuously for 2 s at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 kHz frequencies for statistical analyses. When milling the VCO to the PVCO, we randomly collected the SS magnitudes of the VCO for consecutive 2 s and the SS magnitudes of continuous 2 s in the penetrating state at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 kHz frequencies for statistical analyses. The independent sample t-test was used to compare the SS magnitudes of different milling states extracted from the FFT to determine the motor bur milling state.
resultsThe SS magnitudes of the CA and VCO of all specimens extracted from the FFT at 1, 2, and 3 kHz were statistically different (P < 0.01); three specimens were not statistically different at a specific FFT-extracted frequency (first specimen at 5 kHz, SS magnitudes of the CA were [25.94 ± 8.74] × 10
conclusionsBased on the FFT extraction, the SS magnitudes of the motor bur milling state between the CA and VCO, the VCO and PVCO were significantly different, confirming that the SS is a potential sensitive feedback parameter for identifying the motor bur milling state. This study could improve the safety of cervical spine posterior decompression surgery, especially of robot-assisted surgeries.
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