SynthesisAdvances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)2022
The Effects of Milk Supplementation on Bone Health Indices in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Synthesis in Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Probiotic Supplementation and Bone Health Parameters in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Pooled it
- Comparing the Effects of Dairy and Soybean on Bone Health in Women: A Food- and Component-Level Network Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Dairy Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular and Bone Health Outcomes in Adults: An Umbrella Review and Updated Meta-Analyses.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- The impact of high-quality dietary patterns on the prevention of osteoporosis: a meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Bone health: biology and nutrition.Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care · 2024Pooled it
- The skeletal safety of milk-derived proteins: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2023Pooled it
- The Effects of Dairy Product Supplementation on Bone Health Indices in Children Aged 3 to 18 Years: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Greek Yogurt Compared with Whey Protein Supplementation in Adolescent Athletes Throughout a Competitive Season.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Formula Milk Supplementation and Bone Acquisition in 4-6 Years Chinese Children: A 12-Month Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- High-calcium milk improves osteoporosis in postmenopausal women by regulating intestinal flora and steroid hormone biosynthesis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- TNF receptor-associated factors: promising targets of natural products for the treatment of osteoporosis.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- A whole food, plant-based diet reduces amino acid levels in patients with metastatic breast cancer.Cancer & metabolism · 2024Article
- Nutrition and Osteoporosis Prevention.Current osteoporosis reports · 2024Review
- Dairy and Exercise for Bone Health: Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials and Recommendations for Future Research.Current osteoporosis reports · 2024Review
- A whole food, plant-based diet reduces amino acid levels in patients with metastatic breast cancer.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Effect of high in comparison to low dairy intake intervention on markers of bone and cartilage remodeling and phosphate metabolism in healthy adults with overweight.European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Effect of Circadian Rhythm Disturbance on the Human Musculoskeletal System and the Importance of Nutritional Strategies.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Association between Dairy Product intake and Risk of Osteoporotic Fractures in Postmenopausal Japanese Women: Secondary Analysis of 15-Year Follow-Up data from the Japanese Population-Based Osteoporosis (JPOS) Cohort Study.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Milk contains a number of bone-beneficial nutrients. However, milk, due to the D-galactose content, might have unfavorable effects on bone health. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to clarify the effects of milk supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers [N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx), C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTx), osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and procollagen type 1 N-propeptide (P1NP)], and hormonal indices related to bone metabolism [parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)] in adults. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled effect sizes. A total of 20 RCTs were included. The trial duration ranged from 1 mo to 36 mo. Milk supplementation resulted in a small but significant increase in BMD at the hip (+0.004 g/cm2; n = 9 RCTs) and lumbar spine (+0.025 g/cm2; n = 7), but did not significantly affect whole-body BMD (n = 3) and femoral neck BMD (n = 7). Milk supplementation reduced the concentrations of P1NP (-5.20 ng/mL; n = 9), CTx (-0.16 ng/mL; n = 9), and NTx (-8.66 nmol bone collagen equivalents/mmol creatinine; n = 3). The concentrations of osteocalcin (n = 9) and BALP (n = 3) were not affected by milk supplementation. Reduced parathyroid hormone PTH (-1.01 pg/mL; n = 13) concentrations and increased IGF-1 (+1.79 nmol/l; n = 4) concentrations were observed with milk supplementation. 25(OH)D (+3.73 ng/mL; n = 11) concentrations were increased with vitamin-D fortified milk supplementation. The addition of milk to the diet may potentially increase the likelihood of preventing bone loss by restoring bone homeostasis through the modulation of the calcium-vitamin D-PTH axis, bone remodeling rate, and growth hormone/IGF-1 axis.
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Registered trials
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