ArticleGenetics2022
The entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema hermaphroditum is a self-fertilizing hermaphrodite and a genetically tractable system for the study of parasitic and mutualistic symbiosis.
Article in Genetics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advanced Genetic and Molecular Techniques for Improving Biocontrol Traits of Entomopathogenic Nematodes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Origins of Self-Fertility in ThreeBiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Occupies Previously Undocumented Host Niches in the Insect-Parasitic Nematode Steinernema hermaphroditum.Environmental microbiology reports · 2026Article
- Blue light stimulated-autofluorescence green flash of lysosome-related organelles in the intestinal cells of nematodes.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Article
- Genomes of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema hermaphroditum and its associated bacteria.Genetics · 2025Article
- Evolution of parasitism-related traits in nematodes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Blue light stimulated-autofluorescence green flash of lysosome-related organelles in the intestinal cells of nematodes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- A single entomopathogenic nematode infection assay forMethodsX · 2025Article
- Balancing selfing and outcrossing: the genetics and cell biology of nematodes with three sexual morphs.Genetics · 2025Review
- A small-scale bacterial-based liquid Culture Method formicroPublication biology · 2025Article
- Analyses of Xenorhabdus griffiniae genomes reveal two distinct sub-species that display intra-species variation due to prophages.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Molecular identification of a peroxidase gene controlling body size in the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema hermaphroditum.Genetics · 2024Article
- Editorial: Physiological alterations of nematodes influenced by cross-phylum symbioses.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Green and red fluorescent strains ofmicroPublication biology · 2024Article
- An improved solid medium-based culturing method formicroPublication biology · 2024Article
- Dry-freezingmicroPublication biology · 2023Article
- The nematode parasitemicroPublication biology · 2023Article
- MINI-BAERMANN FUNNEL, A SIMPLE DEVICE FOR CLEANING NEMATODE INFECTIVE LARVAE.The Journal of parasitology · 2022Article
- DiI staining of sensory neurons in the entomopathogenic nematodemicroPublication biology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), including Heterorhabditis and Steinernema, are parasitic to insects and contain mutualistically symbiotic bacteria in their intestines (Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus, respectively) and therefore offer opportunities to study both mutualistic and parasitic symbiosis. The establishment of genetic tools in EPNs has been impeded by limited genetic tractability, inconsistent growth in vitro, variable cryopreservation, and low mating efficiency. We obtained the recently described Steinernema hermaphroditum strain CS34 and optimized its in vitro growth, with a rapid generation time on a lawn of its native symbiotic bacteria Xenorhabdus griffiniae. We developed a simple and efficient cryopreservation method. Previously, S. hermaphroditum isolated from insect hosts was described as producing hermaphrodites in the first generation. We discovered that CS34, when grown in vitro, produced consecutive generations of autonomously reproducing hermaphrodites accompanied by rare males. We performed mutagenesis screens in S. hermaphroditum that produced mutant lines with visible and heritable phenotypes. Genetic analysis of the mutants demonstrated that this species reproduces by self-fertilization rather than parthenogenesis and that its sex is determined chromosomally. Genetic mapping has thus far identified markers on the X chromosome and three of four autosomes. We report that S. hermaphroditum CS34 is the first consistently hermaphroditic EPN and is suitable for genetic model development to study naturally occurring mutualistic symbiosis and insect parasitism.
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