SynthesisFamily practice2022
Clinician responses to cannabis use during pregnancy and lactation: a systematic review and integrative mixed-methods research synthesis.
Synthesis in Family practice, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pregnant People's Perspectives On Cannabis Use During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Integrative Mixed-Methods Research Synthesis.Journal of midwifery & women's health · 2022Pooled it
- Clinical Health Messaging for Perinatal Cannabis Use: Perspectives From Postpartum Individuals With Use During Early Pregnancy.Substance use & addiction journal · 2026Article
- Medical Cannabis During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Is the Concern Fully Evidence-Based?Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Perceptions and behaviours surrounding cannabis use during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and early parenting in Canada: a qualitative study.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- Prenatal Substance Exposure and Birth Weight: Findings From the HEALthy Brain and Child Development Study.Pediatrics · 2026Observational
- Intentions and Motives for Cannabis Use in Pregnancy and Postpartum: Preliminary Daily Diary Findings on Planned and Unplanned Use.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2026Article
- Provider Perspectives of Conversations and Practices Surrounding Perinatal Cannabis Use.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2026Article
- Cannabis Use Motives Across the Reproductive Continuum: An Integrative Literature Review.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2026Review
- "It Wasn't Like I Was Trying to Run to Weed Right Away, I Wanted Other Options": A Qualitative Study of Prenatal Healthcare Experiences Among Latina Birthing People Using Cannabis in California.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2026Article
- Exploring Peripartum Cannabis Use Among Young Sexual Minority People: A Qualitative Study.Substance use & addiction journal · 2025Article
- Mental health clinicians' perceptions on patient motivations and intervention engagement for prenatal cannabis use: A mixed methods study.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Pregnancy Care in Times of Cannabis Legalization: Self-Rated Knowledge, Risk Perception and Communication Practices of Midwives in Germany.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Cannabis and Nicotine Substance Use Coercion During the Perinatal Period.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Cannabis use patterns, motivations, and reasons for abstinence in pregnancy.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Harm reduction for perinatal cannabis use: protocol for a scoping review of clinical practices.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Cannabis and Pregnancy.Current psychiatry reports · 2024Review
- Intentions to Use Cannabis Postpartum: A Qualitative Study of Pregnant Individuals Who Used Cannabis During Early Pregnancy.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2024Article
- Cannabis use, decision making, and perceptions of risk among breastfeeding individuals: the Lactation and Cannabis (LAC) Study.Journal of cannabis research · 2024Article
- Perceptions of Cannabis Use and Its Benefits and Risks Among Breastfeeding Mothers.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- The unseen patient: competing priorities between patients and providers when cannabis is used in pregnancy, a qualitative study.Frontiers in global women's health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPerinatal cannabis use is increasing, and clinician counselling is an important aspect of reducing the potential harm of cannabis use during pregnancy and lactation. To understand current counselling practices, we conducted a systematic review and integrative mixed-methods synthesis to determine "how do perinatal clinicians respond to pregnant and lactating patients who use cannabis?"
methodsWe searched 6 databases up until 2021-05-31. Eligible studies described the attitudes, perceptions, or beliefs of perinatal clinician about cannabis use during pregnancy or lactation. Eligible clinicians were those whose practice particularly focusses on pregnant and postpartum patients. The search was not limited by study design, geography, or year. We used a convergent integrative analysis method to extract relevant findings for inductive analysis.
resultsThirteen studies were included; describing perspectives of 1,366 clinicians in 4 countries. We found no unified approach to screening and counselling. Clinicians often cited insufficient evidence around the effects of perinatal cannabis use and lacked confidence in counselling about use. At times, this meant clinicians did not address cannabis use with patients. Most counselled for cessation and there was little recognition of the varied reasons that patients might use cannabis, and an over-reliance on counselling focussed on the legal implications of use.
conclusionCurrent approaches to responding to cannabis use might result in inadequate counselling. Counselling may be improved through increased education and training, which would facilitate conversations to mitigate the potential harm of perinatal cannabis use while recognizing the benefits patients perceive.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.