ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2022
Effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Services: Findings from 11 Sub-Saharan African Countries.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Evaluating the impact of COVID-19 on the HIV care continuum across global income levels: a mixed-methods systematic review.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of COVID-19 on Utilization of Healthcare Services Among People Living with HIV (PLHIV): A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- HIV Testing Disruptions and Service Adaptations During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Literature Review.AIDS and behavior · 2024Pooled it
- How Central Ugandan HIV Clinics Adapted During COVID-19 Lockdown Restrictions to Promote Continuous Access to Care: A Qualitative Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2023Trial
- Increased prevalence of depression and anxiety among adults initiating antiretroviral therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic in Shinyanga region, Tanzania.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Trial
- Article
- Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on access to family planning and HIV services among women in Lilongwe, Malawi.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Clinical presentation and effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy in newly diagnosed people living with HIV before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Association between changes in script renewal periods and HIV viral non-suppression: a cohort study of a South African private-sector HIV program.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- Severe outcomes among adults with TB during COVID-19.IJTLD open · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Pediatric and adolescent HIV viral load coverage and suppression rates in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in 12 PEPFAR-supported sub-Saharan African countries in 2019 and 2020.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Intersecting epidemics: COVID-19 and HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic review (2020-2022).Journal of public health in Africa · 2023Article
- Effect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Lockdowns on Identification of Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease in Outpatient Clinics in Uganda.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- COVID-19 among adults living with HIV: correlates of mortality among public sector healthcare users in Western Cape, South Africa.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of online HIV treatment services in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.Health care science · 2023Article
- Evaluating COVID-19-Related Disruptions to Effective Malaria Case Management in 2020-2021 and Its Potential Effects on Malaria Burden in Sub-Saharan Africa.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 From Adult Index Cases With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus in South Africa, 2020-2021: A Case-Ascertained, Prospective, Observational Household Transmission Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Observational
- Service delivery challenges in HIV care during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a site assessment survey across the global IeDEA consortium.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
26 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDue to concerns about the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 pandemic on health services, we examined its effects on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) services in sub-Saharan Africa.
methodsQuarterly data (Q1, 10/2019-12/2019; Q2, 1/2020-3/2020; Q3, 4/2020-6/2020; Q4, 7/2020-9/2020) from 1059 health facilities in 11 countries were analyzed and categorized by stringency of pandemic measures. We conducted a difference-in-differences assessment of HIV service changes from Q1-Q2 to Q3-Q4 by higher vs lower stringency.
resultsThere was a 3.3% decrease in the number HIV tested from Q2 to Q3 (572 845 to 553 780), with the number testing HIV-positive declining by 4.9% from Q2 to Q3. From Q3 to Q4, the number tested increased by 10.6% (612 646), with an increase of 8.8% (23 457) in the number testing HIV-positive with similar yield (3.8%). New antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiations declined by 9.8% from Q2 to Q3 but increased in Q4 by 9.8%. Across all quarters, the number on ART increased (Q1, 419 028 to Q4, 476 010). The number receiving viral load (VL) testing in the prior 12 months increased (Q1, 255 290 to Q4, 312 869). No decrease was noted in VL suppression (Q1, 87.5% to Q4, 90.1%). HIV testing (P < .0001) and new ART initiations (P = .001) were inversely associated with stringency.
conclusionsAfter initial declines, rebound was brisk, with increases noted in the number HIV tested, newly initiated or currently on ART, VL testing, and VL suppression throughout the period, demonstrating HIV program resilience in the face of the COVID-19 crisis.
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