Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34791008›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2022

Association of plant-based diet index with prostate cancer risk.

Stacy Loeb, Benjamin C Fu, Scott R Bauer, Claire H Pernar, June M Chan, Erin L Van Blarigan, Edward L Giovannucci, Stacey A Kenfield, Lorelei A Mucci

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
60citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
12.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

60 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Empirically derived dietary patterns and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohorts.European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP) · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Stacy LoebDepartment of Urology and Population Health, New York University and Manhattan Veterans Affairs, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3933-9207
Benjamin C FuDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Scott R BauerDepartment of Medicine and Urology, UCSF; Division of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Claire H PernarDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
June M ChanDepartments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Erin L Van BlariganDepartments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Edward L GiovannucciDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Stacey A KenfieldDepartments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Lorelei A MucciDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
University of California, San Francisco · USBrigham and Women's Hospital · USHarvard University · USNew York University · USSan Francisco General Hospital · US

Funding

Training Program in Cancer EpidemiologyT32CA009001 · NCI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI A. Heather Eliassen, Meir Stampfer · 1985 to 2026
$17.3M
Cancer Epidemiology Cohort in Male Health ProfessionalsU01CA167552 · NCI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI Lorelei Mucci, Walter C. Willett · 2017 to 2026
$17.0M
UCSF-Kaiser Urological Epidemiology Research Career Development ProgramK12DK111028 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI HUANG, ALISON · 2016 to 2025
$5.3M
NCI NIH HHS T32 CA009001NCI NIH HHS U01 CA167552NIDDK NIH HHS K12 DK111028
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPlant-based diets are associated with multiple health benefits and a favorable environmental impact. For prostate cancer, previous studies suggest a beneficial role of specific plant-based foods (e.g., tomatoes) and a potentially harmful role of specific animal-based foods (e.g., meat, dairy). However, less is known about plant-based dietary patterns.

objectivesWe sought to examine the relation between plant-based diet indices and prostate cancer risk, including clinically relevant disease.

methodsThis was a prospective cohort study including 47,239 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2014). Overall and healthful plant-based diet indices were calculated from FFQs. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs to examine the risk of incident prostate cancer (total and by clinical category), among men ages <65 and ≥65 y.

resultsOf the 47,239 men, 6655 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer over follow-up, including 515 with advanced-stage disease at diagnosis, 956 with lethal disease (metastasis or death), and 806 prostate cancer deaths. Greater overall plant-based consumption was associated with a significantly lower risk of fatal prostate cancer (HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.64, 1.01; P-trend = 0.04). In men aged <65, a higher plant-based diet index was associated with a lower risk of advanced, lethal, and fatal prostate cancer. Moreover, greater consumption of a healthful plant-based diet was associated with lower risks of total (HR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.98; P-trend = 0.046) and lethal prostate cancer (HR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.94; P-trend = 0.03) at age <65. There were no associations between overall or healthful plant-based diet indices with prostate cancer among men ≥65 y. Fewer than 1% of participants followed a strict vegetarian or vegan diet.

conclusionsThis prospective study provides supportive evidence that greater consumption of healthful plant-based foods is associated with a lower risk of aggressive forms of prostate cancer, with stronger benefit among men aged <65 y.

Indexed as

Diet, VegetarianProstatic NeoplasmsAnimalsDietFollow-Up StudiesHumansMalePlantsProspective Studiesdietary patternsepidemiologynutritionplant-based dietprostate cancer

Identifiers

PMID34791008
PMCPMC8895206
OpenAlexW3213373283

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.