Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34790902›Full record

ArticleNature cancer2021

Discovery of a first-in-class reversible DNMT1-selective inhibitor with improved tolerability and efficacy in acute myeloid leukemia.

Melissa B Pappalardi, Kathryn Keenan, Mark Cockerill, Wendy A Kellner, Alexandra Stowell, Christian Sherk, Kristen Wong, Sarath Pathuri, Jacques Briand, Michael Steidel and 52 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 173 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
173citing papers in PubMed
14.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

173 citing papers in PubMed, 262 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: current and emerging therapeutic strategies.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. [Research Advances on Mechanisms and Interventions of DNA Methylation-Regulated Aging-Related Imbalance in Bone Metabolism].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2026
    Review
  8. Review
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  15. Article
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  17. Tumor cell intrinsic mechanisms of immune escape.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

113 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

62 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.

Melissa B PappalardiCancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8457-1625
Kathryn KeenanCancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Mark CockerillDrug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK.
Wendy A KellnerCancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Alexandra StowellDrug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK.
Christian SherkCancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Kristen WongCancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Sarath PathuriDepartment of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Jacques BriandMedicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Michael SteidelCellzome GmbH, Functional Genomics, GlaxoSmithKline, Heidelberg, Germany.
Philip ChapmanDrug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK.
Arthur GroyFuture Pipeline Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Ashley K WisemanCenter for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
Charles F McHughCancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Nino CampobassoMedicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3419-2840
Alan P GravesMedicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Emma FairweatherDrug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK.
Thilo WernerCellzome GmbH, Functional Genomics, GlaxoSmithKline, Heidelberg, Germany.
Ali RaoofDrug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK.
Roger J ButlinDrug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK.
Lourdes RuedaCancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
John R HortonDepartment of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9749-8068
David T FosbennerCancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Cunyu ZhangCancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Jessica L HandlerCancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Morris MuliaditanDrug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Modelling, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK.
Makda MebrahtuMedicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Jon-Paul JaworskiMedicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Dean E McNultyMedicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Charlotte BurtDrug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK.
H Christian EberlCellzome GmbH, Functional Genomics, GlaxoSmithKline, Heidelberg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4159-5958
Amy N TaylorMedicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Thau HoMedicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Susan MerrihewCancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Shawn W FoleyCancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Anna RutkowskaCellzome GmbH, Functional Genomics, GlaxoSmithKline, Heidelberg, Germany.
Mei LiCancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Stuart P RomerilCancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Kristin GoldbergDrug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK.
Xing ZhangDepartment of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Christopher S KershawDrug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK.
Marcus BantscheffCellzome GmbH, Functional Genomics, GlaxoSmithKline, Heidelberg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8343-8977
Anthony J JurewiczMedicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Elisabeth MinthornCancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Paola GrandiCellzome GmbH, Functional Genomics, GlaxoSmithKline, Heidelberg, Germany.
Mehul PatelMedicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Andrew B BenowitzFuture Pipeline Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Helai P MohammadCancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Aidan G GilmartinFuture Pipeline Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Rab K PrinjhaCancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2666-3326
Donald OgilvieDrug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK.
Christopher CarpenterCancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Dirk HeerdingCancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Stephen B BaylinDepartment of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Peter A JonesCenter for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8309-4767
Xiaodong ChengDepartment of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6967-6362
Bryan W KingCancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Juan I LuengoCancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Allan M JordanDrug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3449-3993
Ian WaddellDrug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK.
Ryan G KrugerCancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Michael T McCabeCancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5715-9563
GlaxoSmithKline (United States) · USUniversity of Manchester · GBGlaxoSmithKline (Germany) · DEThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center · USVan Andel Institute · USGlaxoSmithKline (United Kingdom) · GBSidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center · US

Funding

Targeting DNA Methylation and the Cancer EpigenomeR35CA209859 · NCI · VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI PETER A JONES · 2017 to 2026
$11.9M
Epigenetic regulations of DNA and histone methylation and deMethylation: Structures and MechanismsR35GM134744 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI Xiaodong Cheng · 2020 to 2026
$4.5M
Cancer Research UK C480/A11411Cancer Research UK C5759/A17098NCI NIH HHS R35 CA209859NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM134744
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

DNA methylation, a key epigenetic driver of transcriptional silencing, is universally dysregulated in cancer. Reversal of DNA methylation by hypomethylating agents, such as the cytidine analogs decitabine or azacytidine, has demonstrated clinical benefit in hematologic malignancies. These nucleoside analogs are incorporated into replicating DNA where they inhibit DNA cytosine methyltransferases DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B through irreversible covalent interactions. These agents induce notable toxicity to normal blood cells thus limiting their clinical doses. Herein we report the discovery of GSK3685032, a potent first-in-class DNMT1-selective inhibitor that was shown via crystallographic studies to compete with the active-site loop of DNMT1 for penetration into hemi-methylated DNA between two CpG base pairs. GSK3685032 induces robust loss of DNA methylation, transcriptional activation and cancer cell growth inhibition in vitro. Due to improved in vivo tolerability compared with decitabine, GSK3685032 yields superior tumor regression and survival mouse models of acute myeloid leukemia.

Indexed as

AzacitidineLeukemia, Myeloid, AcuteAnimalsDecitabineDNADNA MethylationDNA Modification MethylasesMiceAzacitidineDecitabineDNADNA Modification Methylases

Identifiers

PMID34790902
PMCPMC8594913
OpenAlexW3202606175

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.