ArticleScientific reports2021
Spontaneous eye blinking as a diagnostic marker in prolonged disorders of consciousness.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Spontaneous Eye Blinking as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker in Patients With Disorders of Consciousness After Severe Acquired Brain Injury
Spontaneous Eye Blinking Evaluation for Cognitive Assessment of Individuals With Severe Acquired Brain Injury
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Eye-Tracking Assessment in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness: A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Spontaneous Eye Blinking as a Potential Clinical Marker for Arousal in the Intensive Care Unit.Neurocritical care · 2026Article
- Demographics-robust spontaneous eye blinking slowing in patients with severe acquired brain injury.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2026Article
- The Diagnostic Value of Visual Evoked Potentials in Chronic Disorders of Consciousness.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Blink reflex as a prognostic indicator for patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness: a prospective case-control study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Sleuthing subjectivity: a review of covert measures of consciousness.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2025Review
- Pupil constrictions to subjective brightness as a gateway to probe consciousness in non communicating patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Revisiting eye blink in Parkinson's disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- A new ICT system coupling electromyography and coma recovery scale-revised to support the diagnostic process in disorders of consciousness.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Spontaneous eye blinks in horses (Equus caballus) are modulated by attention.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Pupil dilation response elicited by violations of auditory regularities is a promising but challenging approach to probe consciousness at the bedside.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Distinguishing intentional from nonintentional actions through eeg and kinematic markers.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Study protocol: Developing telephone follow-up scale for patients with disorders of consciousness.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the posterior parietal cortex improves functional recovery in nonresponsive patients: A crossover, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- New Behavioral Signs of Consciousness in Patients with Severe Brain Injuries.Seminars in neurology · 2022Article
- Pain in Persons with Disorders of Consciousness.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Towards modern post-coma care based on neuroscientific evidence.International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHPArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Clinical diagnosis of patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness is very challenging. As spontaneous eye blink rate (EBR) is reliably correlated with cognitive activity in healthy individuals, we investigated whether EBR could serve as a marker of patients' level of consciousness. We assessed ten patients in prolonged Vegetative State/Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome (VS/UWS; three females; mean age = 50.3 ± 17.8 years) and fourteen patients in Minimally Conscious State (MCS; three females; mean age = 52.9 ± 17.5 years) at their admission to a rehabilitation unit after the acute phase. During two separate 3-min rest conditions, we recorded patients' EBR by integrating on-line visual and off-line electro-oculographic count. We also assessed EBR during two auditory oddball tasks, i.e. passive listening and active counting of target tones in a sub-group of patients. EBR was significantly higher in MCS than in VS/UWS; moreover, EBR positively correlated with a validated index of responsiveness derived from the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised. Patients' mean EBR showed no significant differences within sessions and across experimental conditions of the oddball task, in both VS/UWS and MCS. Our findings suggest that, at least in the post-acute phase, observing patients' EBR for 3 min at rest could help to discriminate between VS/UWS and MCS, improving accuracy of clinical diagnosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.