Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34789754›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

Mechanical forces drive a reorientation cascade leading to biofilm self-patterning.

Japinder Nijjer, Changhao Li, Qiuting Zhang, Haoran Lu, Sulin Zhang, Jing Yan

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed
9.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Mesolens imaging in microbiology.Essays in biochemistry · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Single-cell lysis patterns morphogenesis of eDNA in the matrix ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  9. Dissecting the physics of bacterial biofilms with agent-based simulations.Current opinion in solid state & materials science · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. ISME communications · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Active interface bulging inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Japinder NijjerDepartment of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Changhao LiDepartment of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-501X
Qiuting ZhangDepartment of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8654-0790
Haoran LuDepartment of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Sulin ZhangDepartment of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. suz10@psu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4429-8235
Jing YanDepartment of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. jing.yan@yale.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2773-0348
Yale University · USPennsylvania State University · US

Funding

Tracking single-cell gene expression heterogeneity and its consequences in bacterial biofilmsDP2GM146253 · NIGMS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI YAN, JING · 2021 to 2024
$2.5M
NIGMS NIH HHS DP2 GM146253
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In growing active matter systems, a large collection of engineered or living autonomous units metabolize free energy and create order at different length scales as they proliferate and migrate collectively. One such example is bacterial biofilms, surface-attached aggregates of bacterial cells embedded in an extracellular matrix that can exhibit community-scale orientational order. However, how bacterial growth coordinates with cell-surface interactions to create distinctive, long-range order during biofilm development remains elusive. Here we report a collective cell reorientation cascade in growing Vibrio cholerae biofilms that leads to a differentially ordered, spatiotemporally coupled core-rim structure reminiscent of a blooming aster. Cell verticalization in the core leads to a pattern of differential growth that drives radial alignment of the cells in the rim, while the growing rim generates compressive stresses that expand the verticalized core. Such self-patterning disappears in nonadherent mutants but can be restored through opto-manipulation of growth. Agent-based simulations and two-phase active nematic modeling jointly reveal the strong interdependence of the driving forces underlying the differential ordering. Our findings offer insight into the developmental processes that shape bacterial communities and provide ways to engineer phenotypes and functions in living active matter.

Indexed as

Bacterial AdhesionBiofilmsBiomechanical PhenomenaModels, BiologicalMutationVibrio cholerae

Identifiers

PMID34789754
PMCPMC8599862
OpenAlexW3211359583

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.