ArticleEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society2021
Sex and gender in interstitial lung diseases.
Article in European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Self-Management Interventions in People With Interstitial Lung Disease.Respiratory care · 2023Pooled it
- Comparing the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and implementation of low-dose oral modified release morphine in people with chronic breathlessness: a synopsis of a RCT and process evaluation.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2026Trial
- Factors associated with the development of neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants: a retrospective cohort study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Article
- Beyond slowing decline: leveraging apoptotic synergy to reverse pulmonary fibrosis.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Sex-, Age-, and Projection-Related Variability in Pneumothorax and Pulmonary Mass Detection Frequencies on Chest Radiographs: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Why males scar more: hormonal and chromosomal clues to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Interstitial Lung Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Incidence and Outcomes in Western Australia.International journal of rheumatic diseases · 2026Article
- Sex-Dependent Integration of Symptoms and Functional Vulnerability in Interstitial Lung Disease: eurILDreg Study.Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases · 2026Article
- Progression of interstitial lung abnormalities and its impact on mortality in patients with lung cancer resection.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2026Article
- Global and Chinese trends in disease burden of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis from 1990 to 2021 with projections to 2040: a COVID-19 impact analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Global Disproportionality Analysis of Adverse Event Reports on Interstitial Lung Diseases for Cancer-Targeted Therapies, 1968-2024.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2026Article
- The importance of mechanical forces in chronic respiratory diseases.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Association Between Pulmonary Function, Respiratory Muscle Strength and Cognitive Function in Chinese Community-Dwelling Older Adults.Clinical interventions in aging · 2026Article
- Sex, hormones, and lung health.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Trajectories of Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.CHEST pulmonary · 2025Article
- Living with pulmonary fibrosis: how affected people experience disease-related information, health services and self-management strategies.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Article
- Inequity in imaging: Why it matters? A statement from the Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Subcommittee of the European Society of Radiology.Insights into imaging · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics and all-cause mortality in female patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Chinese population.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics and outcomes of anti-MDA5 dermatomyositis: a retrospective study.BMC rheumatology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sex and gender differences influence key domains of research, lung health, healthcare access and healthcare delivery. In interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis are clearly influenced by sex hormones. Additionally, short telomeres, a biomarker of telomere regulation gene mutations, are impacted by sex, while heritability unexplained by genetic variation may be attributable to gendered environmental factors that drive epigenetic control. Diseases like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, occupational ILDs, connective tissue-associated ILDs and lymphangioleiomyomatosis have different prevalence and prognosis between men and women. These differences arise from a complex interplay between biological sex and sociocultural gender influencing genetics, epigenomic modifiers, hormones, immune function, response to treatment and interaction with healthcare systems. Much work remains to be done to systematically integrate sex and gender analysis into relevant domains of science and clinical care in ILD, from strategic considerations for establishing research priorities to guidelines for establishing best clinical practices. Accounting for sex and gender in ILD is essential to the practice of individualised, patient-centred medicine.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.