SynthesisDeutsches Arzteblatt international2021
Fifth Metatarsal Fracture–A Systematic Review of the Treatment of Fractures of the Base of the Fifth Metatarsal Bone.
Synthesis in Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Outcome of avulsion fractures in the foot after supination trauma: A systematic review.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2025Pooled it
- An overview of the risk factors for producing fifth metatarsal fracture in sports activities: A systematic review.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2024Pooled it
- Cartilage disruption patterns associated with percutaneous intramedullary screw fixation for metatarsal fractures: a cadaveric study.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2026Article
- Effect of the dorsiflexion and plantarflexion angles of the foot on the fifth metatarsal bone: finite element analysis.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- Metatarsus Adductus Association With Fifth Metatarsal Fractures: Radiographic Analysis.Foot & ankle orthopaedics · 2026Article
- Clinical and Biomechanical Determinants of Fixation Failure in Fifth Metatarsal Fractures: Implications for Surgical Decision-Making.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Gait changes in daily life during the healing process of fifth metatarsal fracture: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2026Article
- High-resolution peripheral quantitative CT of the proximal fifth metatarsal reveals microstructural similarity between Lawrence and Botte zones I and II.Bone & joint research · 2026Article
- Review
- The research progress and potential applications ofThe British journal of nutrition · 2025Review
- [Surgical treatment of forefoot and midfoot fractures : Minimally invasive fixation of metatarsal fractures].Operative Orthopadie und Traumatologie · 2024Article
- The Incredible Odyssey of Jones.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2024Article
- Is the Diagnosis of fifth Metatarsal Fracture Type Consistent? An Interobserver Reliability Study.Foot & ankle orthopaedics · 2024Article
- Auditing the Representation of Female Athletes in Sports Medicine Research: Fifth-Metatarsal Fractures.Foot & ankle orthopaedics · 2024Article
- Article
- Acute, isolated fractures of the metatarsal bones: an epidemiologic study.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMetatarsal fractures are among the most common foot and ankle injuries, with an annual incidence of 6.7 per 100 000 persons. Approximately 30% of metatarsal fractures affect the base of the fifth metatarsal bone. Nevertheless, no evidence-based treatment recommendations are available to date.
methodsThe three fracture localizations according to Lawrence and Botte (zone I, proximal to the intermetatarsal joint between the fourth and fifth metatarsal bones; zone II, in the area of the joint; zone III, at the distal end of the joint) are analyzed on the basis of a systematic literature search. Studies were included that compared the treatment of two types of fracture in the same manner, or that compared two different treatments for a single type of fracture.
resultsNine studies compared different treatments of zone I fractures. Two of these were randomized controlled trials (RCTs); in one RCT, patients given functional therapy returned to work much sooner than those treated with immobilization (11 vs. 28 days; p = 0.001), with otherwise similar outcomes. The non-randomized studies revealed a faster return to full function (33 vs. 46 days; p<0.05) with early functional therapy, and similar outcomes for immobilization and surgery. One RCT that compared functional therapy with immobilization for zone II fractures revealed no statistically significant difference. Five studies compared fractures in zones I and II that were treated in the same manner, revealing similar outcomes. One RCT compared surgery and immobilization for zone III fractures: surgery led to statistically significant improvement of the outcome in all of the measured parameters.
conclusionFractures in zones I and II should be treated with early functional therapy. There seems to be no reason to consider zone I and II fractures as two separate entities, as the outcomes in the two groups are similar. In contrast, fractures in zone III should primarily be treated surgically.
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