Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34789215›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2021

Too long to wait: South Asian migrants' experiences of accessing health care in Australia.

Manju Adhikari, Sabitra Kaphle, Yamuna Dhakal, Sabina Duwadi, Rajan Subedi, Sonu Shakya, Sunil Tamang, Mukesh Khadka

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.9field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Maintaining Health in Later Life: Perspectives of Older Indian Migrants in Melbourne, Australia.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Barriers and Facilitators to Accessing Preventive Services for Chronic Diseases Among People From Bangladeshi and Nepalese Backgrounds Living in Sydney.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Exploring Healthcare Access Challenges Among South Asian Migrants in Australia: A Mixed-Method Study.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Equity in the Access of Chinese Immigrants to Healthcare Services in Portugal.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.

Manju AdhikariLA GRANDEE International College, Pokhara Metropolitan City, Province 4, Nepal. amanju1121@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0002-7032-5092
Sabitra KaphleCentral Queensland University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Yamuna DhakalCentral Queensland University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Sabina DuwadiCentral Queensland University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Rajan SubediCentral Queensland University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Sonu ShakyaCentral Queensland University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Sunil TamangCentral Queensland University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Mukesh KhadkaCentral Queensland University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Central Queensland University · AUPokhara University · NP

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMigrants settling in a new country experience multiple complexities in navigating health care systems and adapting to a new way of life in the host country. In South Asia, migrating to another country for better life opportunities has been an ongoing trend and migration to Australia has significantly increased in recent years. Lower utilisation of health services and higher risks of chronic diseases among South Asian migrants poses a continuing challenge for the Australian health care system and little is known about why this demographic group does not access health services at the same rate. This study aimed to explore factors influencing access to health care by South Asian migrants in Australia.

methodsUsing a mixed-method design, we conducted 62 online survey and 14 in-depth interviews with participants from four South Asian countries: Nepal, India, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka. Participants were recruited using a purposive snowball sampling approach following a standard ethical approval process. Survey data were analysed descriptively in SPSS and interview data were recorded, transcribed, and analysed thematically.

resultsSouth Asian migrants experienced various complexities while accessing health services in Australia. The findings of this study highlighted a number of negative factors influencing their experiences of accessing health care: long waiting times for public health care, the expense of private health care, and communication problems due to socio-cultural differences. South Asian migrants also expressed their concern for a greater investment of resources into public health care to enable them to access quality and affordable care in these settings.

conclusionsGiven limited evidence available to help understand factors leading to the lower utilisation of health care and higher risks of chronic diseases among South Asian migrants, this study plays an important role in highlighting social, cultural, financial, and institutional factors that are critical to designing appropriate health-care strategies. This study recommends incorporating a collaborative and culturally competent model of care to increase access to health care and thereby help reduce existing disparities in health outcomes among South Asian migrant populations.

Indexed as

Transients and MigrantsAsian PeopleAustraliaHealth ServicesHealth Services AccessibilityHumansAccess to health careCulturally competent careHealth care barriersMigrant patient experienceSouth Asian migrants

Identifiers

PMID34789215
PMCPMC8596381
OpenAlexW3129439843

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.