Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34788856›Full record

ArticleJournal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology2022

A procedure for removal of cyanuric acid in swimming pools using a cell-free thermostable cyanuric acid hydrolase.

Feng Guo, Joseph C McAuliffe, Cristina Bongiorni, Jacob A Latone, Mike J Pepsin, Marina S Chow, Raj S Dhaliwal, Katherine M Hoffmann, Bill T Brazil, Meng H Heng and 3 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.3field-weighted citation impact, top 36% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Feng GuoNutrition & Biosciences, International Flavors and Fragrances Inc., Palo Alto, 94304 CA, USA.
Joseph C McAuliffeNutrition & Biosciences, International Flavors and Fragrances Inc., Palo Alto, 94304 CA, USA.
Cristina BongiorniNutrition & Biosciences, International Flavors and Fragrances Inc., Palo Alto, 94304 CA, USA.
Jacob A LatoneNutrition & Biosciences, International Flavors and Fragrances Inc., Palo Alto, 94304 CA, USA.
Mike J PepsinNutrition & Biosciences, International Flavors and Fragrances Inc., Palo Alto, 94304 CA, USA.
Marina S ChowNutrition & Biosciences, International Flavors and Fragrances Inc., Palo Alto, 94304 CA, USA.
Raj S DhaliwalNutrition & Biosciences, International Flavors and Fragrances Inc., Palo Alto, 94304 CA, USA.
Katherine M HoffmannNutrition & Biosciences, International Flavors and Fragrances Inc., Palo Alto, 94304 CA, USA.
Bill T BrazilNutrition & Biosciences, International Flavors and Fragrances Inc., Palo Alto, 94304 CA, USA.
Meng H HengNutrition & Biosciences, International Flavors and Fragrances Inc., Palo Alto, 94304 CA, USA.
Serina L RobinsonDepartment of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Lawrence P WackettDepartment of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455 MN, USA.
Gregory M WhitedNutrition & Biosciences, International Flavors and Fragrances Inc., Palo Alto, 94304 CA, USA.
International Flavors & Fragrances (United States) · USSwiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology · CHUniversity of Minnesota · US

Funding

IFF
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cyanuric acid (CYA) is used commercially for maintaining active chlorine to inactivate microbial and viral pathogens in swimming pools and hot tubs. Repeated CYA addition can cause a lack of available chlorine and adequate disinfection. Acceptable CYA levels can potentially be restored via cyanuric acid hydrolases (CAH), enzymes that hydrolyze CYA to biuret under mild conditions. Here we describe a previously unknown CAH enzyme from Pseudolabrys sp. Root1462 (CAH-PR), mined from public databases by bioinformatic analysis of potential CAH genes, which we show to be suitable in a cell-free form for industrial applications based upon favorable enzymatic and physical properties, combined with high-yield expression in aerobic cell culture. The kinetic parameters and modeled structure were similar to known CAH enzymes, but the new enzyme displayed a surprising thermal and storage stability. The new CAH enzyme was applied, following addition of inexpensive sodium sulfite, to hydrolyze CYA to biuret. At the desired endpoint, hypochlorite addition inactivated remaining enzyme and oxidized biuret to primarily dinitrogen and carbon dioxide gases. The mechanism of biuret oxidation with hypochlorite under conditions relevant to recreational pools is described.

Indexed as

BiuretSwimming PoolsChlorineHydrolasesHypochlorous AcidTriazinesBiuretChlorinecyanuric acidHydrolasesHypochlorous AcidTriazinesBiuretCyanuric acid hydrolaseHypochloritePseudolabrysWater treatment

Identifiers

PMID34788856
PMCPMC9118981
OpenAlexW3213075656

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.