ArticleAmerican journal of hypertension2022
Time Preference for Immediate Gratification: Associations With Low Medication Adherence and Uncontrolled Blood Pressure.
Article in American journal of hypertension, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Psychological determinants of medication adherence in patients with hypertension: a systematic review and meta‑analysis.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Intertemporal Decision-Making Ability in Patients with Chronic Diseases: A Concept Analysis.Patient preference and adherence · 2026Review
- Adherence to medical recommendations in high-risk pregnancy: dispositional and situational predictors with a focus on emotional reactivity.CNS spectrums · 2025Article
- Delay Discounting and BMI in Hypertensives: Serial Mediations of Self-Efficacy, Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2024Article
- How is Patient Adherence Possible? A Novel Mechanistic Model of Adherence Based on Humanities.Patient preference and adherence · 2023Review
- Intertemporal decision-making as a mediator between personality traits and self-management in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn search of innovative approaches to the challenge of uncontrolled hypertension, we assessed the association between preference for immediate gratification (i.e., high discounting rate), low medication adherence, and uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) in adults with hypertension.
methodsUsing a probability discounting model and the Collier-Williams hypothetical discount rate framework, participants in this cross-sectional study reported their preference for a smaller amount of money available immediately (high discount rate; immediate gratification preference) vs. a larger amount available 1 year later (low discount rate; delayed gratification preference). Multivariable Poisson regression was used to test the association of high discounting rates with low antihypertensive medication adherence using the validated 4-item Krousel-Wood Medication Adherence Scale (K-Wood-MAS-4 score ≥1). Mediation of the association between high discounting rate and uncontrolled BP (systolic/diastolic BP ≥ 130/80 mm Hg) by low adherence was tested using the counterfactual approach.
resultsAmong 235 participants (mean age 63.7 ± 6.7 years; 51.1% women; 41.9% Black), 50.6% had a high 1-year discount rate, 51.9% had low K-Wood-MAS-4 adherence, and 59.6% had uncontrolled BP. High discounting rates were associated with low adherence (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18, 2.12). Forty-three percent (95% CI 40.9%, 45.8%) of the total effect of high discount rate on uncontrolled BP was mediated by low adherence.
conclusionsAdults with preference for immediate gratification had worse adherence; low adherence partially mediated the association of high discount rate with uncontrolled BP. These results support preference for immediate gratification as an innovative factor underlying low medication adherence and uncontrolled BP.
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