ArticleCell reports2021
Single-cell transcriptomic profiles reveal changes associated with BCG-induced trained immunity and protective effects in circulating monocytes.
Article in Cell reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Immune mechanisms mediating the heterologous effects of BCG vaccination: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy reprograms CNS immunity and alters Alzheimer's biomarkers: results from two open-label clinical trials.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Integrative profiling of transcriptome and H3K27ac modification reveals changes associated with BCG-induced trained immunity in bovine immune cells.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Single cell transcriptomics reveals dendritic cell subsets in bovine afferent lymph and immune cell-resolved responses to BCG vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The MTRNR2L gene family and age-related macular degeneration.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Agent-specific training directs distinctive immune response againstFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Review
- The BCGMethodsX · 2025Article
- The recombinant zoster vaccine induces trained immunity in monocytes through persistent downregulation of TGFβ.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Trained ILCs confer adaptive immunity-independent protection against influenza.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Unveiling genetic signatures of immune response in immune-related diseases through single-cell eQTL analysis across diverse conditions.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Advances in Single-Cell Sequencing for Infectious Diseases: Progress and Perspectives.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Trained Immunity and Its Potential Implications in the Etiopathogenesis of Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A New Paradigm in Chronic Inflammation?Experimental dermatology · 2025Review
- Immunization with Complete Freund's Adjuvant Reveals Trained Immunity-like Features in A/J Mice.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing in tuberculosis: Application and future perspectives.Chinese medical journal · 2025Review
- Long-term DNA methylation changes mediate heterologous cytokine responses after BCG vaccination.Genome biology · 2025Article
- A recombinant BCG with surface-displayed antigen induces humoral and cellular immune responses.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Innate Immune Memory is Stimulus Specific.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Immune correlates of early clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among tuberculosis household contacts in Indonesia.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Progress of single-cell sequencing technology in immunotherapy for tuberculosis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is one of the most widely used vaccines worldwide. In addition to protection against tuberculosis, BCG confers a degree of non-specific protection against other infections by enhancing secondary immune responses to heterologous pathogens, termed "trained immunity." To better understand BCG-induced immune reprogramming, we perform single-cell transcriptomic measurements before and after BCG vaccination using secondary immune stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We find that BCG reduces systemic inflammation and identify 75 genes with altered LPS responses, including inflammatory mediators such as CCL3 and CCL4 that have a heightened response. Co-expression analysis reveals that gene modules containing these cytokines lose coordination after BCG. Other modules exhibit increased coordination, including several humanin nuclear isoforms that we confirm induce trained immunity in vitro. Our results link in vivo BCG administration to single-cell transcriptomic changes, validated in human genetics experiments, and highlight genes that are putatively responsible for non-specific protective effects of BCG.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.