ArticleEuropean journal of public health2022
Community socioeconomic deprivation and SARS-CoV-2 infection risk: findings from Portugal.
Article in European journal of public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic literature review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- A scoping review of multiple deprivation indices in Europe.European journal of public health · 2025Article
- COVID-19, social determinants of transmission in the home. A population-based study.European journal of public health · 2024Article
- Understanding spatiotemporal patterns of COVID-19 incidence in Portugal: A functional data analysis from August 2020 to March 2022.PloS one · 2024Article
- Uncovering COVID-19 infection determinants in Portugal: towards an evidence-based spatial susceptibility index to support epidemiological containment policies.International journal of health geographics · 2023Article
- Public health interventions successfully mitigated multiple incursions of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in the Australian Capital Territory.Epidemiology and infection · 2023Article
- Deprivation, essential and non-essential activities and SARS-CoV-2 infection following the lifting of national public health restrictions in England and Wales.NIHR open research · 2023Article
- Area-level inequalities in Covid-19 outcomes in Brazil in 2020 and 2021: An analysis of 1,894,165 severe Covid-19 cases.Preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Socio-Economic, Demographic and Health Determinants of the COVID-19 Outbreak.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Can an Ecological Index of Deprivation Be Used at the Country Level? The Case of the French Version of the European Deprivation Index (F-EDI).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSocioeconomic differences have been observed in the risk of acquiring infectious diseases, but evidence regarding SARS-CoV-2 remains sparse. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and socioeconomic deprivation, exploring whether this association varied according to different phases of the national pandemic response.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted. Data routinely collected for patients with a laboratorial result recorded in SINAVE®, between 2 March and 14 June 2020, were analysed. Socioeconomic deprivation was assessed using quintiles of the European Deprivation Index (Q1-least deprived to Q5-most deprived). Response phases were defined as before, during and after the national State of Emergency. Associations were estimated using multilevel analyses.
resultsThe study included 223 333 individuals (14.7% were SARS-CoV-2 positive cases). SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence ratio increased with deprivation [PR(Q1)=Ref; PR(Q2)=1.37 (95% CI 1.19-1.58), PR(Q3)=1.48 (95% CI 1.26-1.73), PR(Q4)=1.73 (95% CI 1.47-2.04), PR(Q5)=2.24 (95% CI 1.83-2.75)]. This was observed during the State of Emergency [PR(Q5)=2.09 (95% CI 1.67-2.62)] and more pronounced after the State of Emergency [PR(Q5)= 3.43 (95% CI 2.66-4.44)].
conclusionThe effect of socioeconomic deprivation in the SARS-CoV-2 infection risk emerged after the implementation of the first State of Emergency in Portugal, and became more pronounced as social distancing policies eased. Decision-makers should consider these results when deliberating future mitigation measures.
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