ArticlePloS one2021
Recent infections among individuals with a new HIV diagnosis in Rwanda, 2018-2020.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex disparities and partners' positive HIV status in HIV recent infection among people who inject drugs in Ukraine.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Recent HIV infection among women and men enrolling to care in urban clinics in Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Human immunodeficiency virus recency testing coverage and partner-notification-services among people-living with human immunodeficiency virus in low- and middle-income countries.World journal of virology · 2025Article
- Phenotypes of successful living among adolescents with HIV in Rwanda: a latent profile analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the HIV-1 Rapid Recency Assay and Limiting Antigen Avidity Enzyme Immunoassay for HIV Infection Status Interpretation in Long-Term Diagnosed Individuals in Thailand.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of recent HIV-1 infection among newly identified HIV-positive individuals tested with the Asante Rapid Recency assay in Harari region, Eastern Ethiopia.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2025Article
- A geo-additive spatial analysis of condom use among women aged 15-49 in Rwanda.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Establishment, Implementation, Initial Outcomes, and Lessons Learned from Recent HIV Infection Surveillance Using a Rapid Test for Recent Infection Among Persons Newly Diagnosed With HIV in Thailand: Implementation Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Recent HIV infection and associated factors among newly diagnosed HIV cases in the Southwest Ethiopia Regional State: HIV case-based surveillance analysis (2019-2022).BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Lived Experiences of Adolescents with HIV in Rwanda: A Phenomenology Study.Rwanda journal of medicine and health sciences · 2024Article
- Comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS and associated factors among adolescent girls in Rwanda: a nationwide cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Evaluation of antiretroviral therapy effect and prognosis between HIV-1 recent and long-term infection based on a rapid recent infection testing algorithm.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Recent HIV infection among newly diagnosed cases and associated factors in the Amhara regional state, Northern Ethiopia: HIV case surveillance data analysis (2019-2021).Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite Rwanda's progress toward HIV epidemic control, 16.2% of HIV-positive individuals are unaware of their HIV positive status. Tailoring the public health strategy could help reach these individuals with new HIV infection and achieve epidemic control. Recency testing is primarily for surveillance, monitoring, and evaluation but it's not for diagnostic purposes. However, it's important to know what proportion of the newly diagnosed are recent infections so that HIV prevention can be tailored to the profile of people who are recently infected. We therefore used available national data to characterize individuals with recent HIV infection in Rwanda to inform the epidemic response.
methodsWe included all national-level data for recency testing reported from October 2018 to June 2020. Eligible participants were adults (aged ≥15 years) who had a new HIV diagnosis, who self-reported being antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve, and who had consented to recency testing. Numbers and proportions of recent HIV infections were estimated, and precision around these estimates was calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with being recently (within 12 months) infected with HIV.
resultsOf 7,785 eligible individuals with a new HIV-positive diagnosis, 475 (6.1%) met the criteria for RITA recent infection. The proportion of RITA recent infections among individuals with newly identified HIV was high among those aged 15-24 years (9.6%) and in men aged ≥65 years (10.3%) compared to other age groups; and were higher among women (6.7%) than men (5.1%). Of all recent cases, 68.8% were women, and 72.2% were aged 15-34 years. The Northern province had the fewest individuals with newly diagnosed HIV but had the highest proportion of recent infections (10.0%) compared to other provinces. Recent infections decreased by 19.6% per unit change in time (measured in months). Patients aged ≥25 years were less likely to have recent infection than those aged 15-24 years with those aged 35-49 years being the least likely to have recent infection compared to those aged 15-24 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.415 [95% CI: 0.316-0.544]).
conclusionPublic health surveillance targeting the areas and the identified groups with high risk of recent infection could help improve outcomes.
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