Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34788068›Full record

ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2022

Selection for Phage Resistance Reduces Virulence of Shigella flexneri.

Kaitlyn E Kortright, Rachel E Done, Benjamin K Chan, Valeria Souza, Paul E Turner

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
4.1field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Bacteriophage-induced outer membrane protein remodelling drives the phenotypic switching and antibiotic re-sensitization in Klebsiella pneumoniae.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026
    Article
  2. Giving Antibiotics a Second Chance: Evolutionary Trade-Offs and Phage-Driven Restoration of Antibiotic Susceptibility.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Small siphophage binding to an open state of the LptDE outer membrane lipopolysaccharide translocon.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Microscopic phage adsorption assay: High-throughput quantification of virus particle attachment to host bacterial cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Correlation ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Article
  19. Overcoming Bacteriophage Resistance in Phage Therapy.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Kaitlyn E KortrightProgram in Microbiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Rachel E DoneDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale Universitygrid.47100.32, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Benjamin K ChanDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale Universitygrid.47100.32, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Valeria SouzaDepartamento de Ecologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
Paul E TurnerProgram in Microbiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Yale University · USInstituto de Ecología · MX

Funding

Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award (U Component)UL1TR001863 · NCATS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI John H. Krystal, LUCILA OHNO-MACHADO · 2016 to 2026
$102.9M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001863
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There is an increasing interest in phage therapy as an alternative to antibiotics for treating bacterial infections, especially using phages that select for evolutionary trade-offs between increased phage resistance and decreased fitness traits, such as virulence, in target bacteria. A vast repertoire of virulence factors allows the opportunistic bacterial pathogen Shigella flexneri to invade human gut epithelial cells, replicate intracellularly, and evade host immunity through intercellular spread. It has been previously shown that OmpA is necessary for the intercellular spread of S. flexneri. We hypothesized that a phage which uses OmpA as a receptor to infect S. flexneri should select for phage-resistant mutants with attenuated intercellular spread. Here, we show that phage A1-1 requires OmpA as a receptor and selects for reduced virulence in S. flexneri. We characterized five phage-resistant mutants by measuring phenotypic changes in various traits: cell-membrane permeability, total lipopolysaccharide (LPS), sensitivity to antibiotics, and susceptibility to other phages. The results separated the mutants into two groups: R1 and R2 phenotypically resembled

Indexed as

BacteriophagesDysentery, BacillaryHumansShigella flexneriVirulenceVirulence FactorsVirulence Factorsevolutionphageresistancetrade-offvirulence

Identifiers

PMID34788068
PMCPMC8788674
OpenAlexW3211671852

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.