ArticleJournal of clinical immunology2022
Immunogenicity of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Common Variable Immunodeficiency.
Article in Journal of clinical immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Experience of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Care of Patients with Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies (PADs)-A Qualitative Study with Perspectives from Both Patients and Nurses.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2025Article
- Impact of CMV latency on T-cell responses to COVID-19 vaccination among predominantly antibody-deficient patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- In vivo antiviral efficacy of LCTG-002, a pooled, purified human milk secretory IgA product, against SARS-CoV-2 in a murine model of COVID-19.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Article
- Tolerability and outcomes with rollout of tixagevimab-cilgavimab in patients with common variable immunodeficiency.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2024Article
- Adaptive Cellular Responses following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Primary Antibody Deficiency Patients.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- An Overview of the Strategies to Boost SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immunity in People with Inborn Errors of Immunity.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Perturbations of the T-cell receptor repertoire in response to SARS-CoV-2 in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2024Article
- Impact of Exposure to Vaccination and Infection on Cellular and Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 in CVID Patients Through COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Article
- Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Humoral and Cellular Immunity in a Cohort of Vaccinated Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Clinical and immunological outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with inborn errors of immunity receiving different brands and doses of COVID-19 vaccines.Tuberkuloz ve toraks · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Response to COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients With Primary Immunodeficiencies.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Review
- Impaired B Cell Recall Memory and Reduced Antibody Avidity but Robust T Cell Response in CVID Patients After COVID-19 Vaccination.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Article
- Cytokine Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Stimulation in Patients with Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies.Viruses · 2023Article
- Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 on patients with inborn errors of immunity.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2023Review
- Specific Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses to the Neoantigen RBD of SARS-CoV-2 in Patients with Primary and Secondary Immunodeficiency and Healthy Donors.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Functional CVIDs phenotype clusters identified by the integration of immune parameters after BNT162b2 boosters.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 pre-exposure prophylaxis with tixagevimab/cilgavimab (AZD7442) provides protection in inborn errors of immunity with antibody defects: a real-world experience.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Cellular immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with primary antibody deficiencies.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Cellular and humoral immunogenicity of the COVID-19 vaccine and COVID-19 disease severity in individuals with immunodeficiency.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and/or a defective antibody response to T-dependent and T-independent antigens. CVID response to immunization depends on the antigen type, the vaccine mechanism, and the specific patient immune defect. In CVID patients, humoral and cellular responses to the currently used COVID-19 vaccines remain unexplored. Eighteen CVID subjects receiving 2-dose anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were prospectively studied. S1-antibodies and S1-specific IFN-γ T cell response were determined by ELISA and FluoroSpot, respectively. The immune response was measured before the administration and after each dose of the vaccine, and it was compared to the response of 50 healthy controls (HC). The development of humoral and cellular responses was slower in CVID patients compared with HC. After completing vaccination, 83% of CVID patients had S1-specific antibodies and 83% had S1-specific T cells compared with 100% and 98% of HC (p = 0.014 and p = 0.062, respectively), but neutralizing antibodies were detected only in 50% of the patients. The strength of both humoral and cellular responses was significantly lower in CVID compared with HC, after the first and second doses of the vaccine. Absent or discordant humoral and cellular responses were associated with previous history of autoimmunity and/or lymphoproliferation. Among the three patients lacking humoral response, two had received recent therapy with anti-B cell antibodies. Further studies are needed to understand if the response to COVID-19 vaccination in CVID patients is protective enough. The 2-dose vaccine schedule and possibly a third dose might be especially necessary to achieve full immune response in these patients.
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