ReviewGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2022
The risk factors for Graves' ophthalmopathy.
Review in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relationship between thyroid and human-associated microbiota: A systematic review of reviews.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Pooled it
- Triglyceride-driven pathogenesis in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a dual approach of clinical correlation and genetic causality.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Article
- Apparent diffusion coefficient: a predictor of the efficacy of glucocorticoid therapy in active moderate-severe thyroid eye disease: a retrospective cohort study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- Shedding light on pharmacoepidemiology of eye diseases: a cohort study in Western Iran.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Analysis of non-cholesterol sterols and fatty acids in patients with graves' orbitopathy: insights into lipid metabolism in relation to the clinical phenotype of disease.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Article
- Review
- Article
- The burden of illness in thyroid eye disease: current state of the evidence.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Diagnostic precision in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy using multi-center radiomics withScientific reports · 2024Article
- Causality of blood metabolites and metabolic pathways on Graves' disease and Graves' ophthalmopathy: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Endocrine · 2024Article
- The role of autophagy in Graves disease: knowns and unknowns.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Exploring gut microbiota and metabolite alterations in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy using high-throughput sequencing and untargeted metabolomics.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Specific static and dynamic functional network connectivity changes in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy and it predictive values using machine learning.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Genetically Determined Metabolites in Graves Disease: Insight From a Mendelian Randomization Study.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2023Article
- Gut microbiota and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2023Article
- Facial expression of patients with Graves' orbitopathy.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Article
- A cause-effect relationship between Graves' disease and the gut microbiome contributes to the thyroid-gut axis: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- A review of TSHR- and IGF-1R-related pathogenesis and treatment of Graves' orbitopathy.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Novel Insight into Non-Genetic Risk Factors of Graves' Orbitopathy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThis review aimed to provide an overview of current research into the risk factors for Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO).
methodsTo find information about the risk factors for GO, the research database PubMed was searched and relevant articles were obtained to extract information about risk factors.
resultsSmoking has been widely accepted as an important risk factor and cigarette smoking cessation has been shown to improve the outcome and decrease the onset of GO. Radioactive iodine on the thyroid may induce hyperthyroidism and increase the occurrence of GO. Selenium deficiency is a risk factor for GO and the supplementation of selenium has been an adjuvant therapy. Decreasing stressful life events (SLE) may help improve GO. Imbalance in intestinal flora is essential to GO, with Yersinia enterocolitica and Escherichia coli both increased in the digestive tract of the individual with GO. In addition, controlling serum cholesterol may help improve GO since adipogenesis is an important pathological change in its pathogenesis. Considering the correlation between Graves' disease and GO, maintaining normal thyroid function hormone level is the first-line therapeutic strategy to prevent progression of GO. An increase in antibodies such as TSHR and IGF-1R is the main predictor of GO. Besides, gender and gene polymorphism are also risk factors towards GO.
conclusionsRisk factors for GO arise from five sources: physical and chemical environment, social-psychological environment, biological environment, the human organism, and genetic codes. Risk factors within these categories may interact with each other and their mechanisms in promoting the development of GO are complex. Research into risk factors for GO may promote emerging fields related to GO such as control of autoantibodies and intestinal microbiota.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.