Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34787562›Full record

ArticleThe western journal of emergency medicine2021

Gender-based Barriers to the Advancement of Women in Academic Emergency Medicine: A Multi-Institutional Survey Study.

Emily M Graham, Meganne N Ferrel, Katie M Wells, Daniel J Egan, Casey Z MacVane, Michael A Gisondi, Boyd D Burns, Troy E Madsen, Megan L Fix

Erratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The western journal of emergency medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. [Representation of women in senior positions in emergency medicine].Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Emily M GrahamUniversity of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Meganne N FerrelUniversity of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Katie M WellsUniversity of Vermont, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Burlington, Vermont.
Daniel J EganMassachusetts General Hospital/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
Casey Z MacVaneMaine Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Portland, Maine.
Michael A GisondiStanford University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Palo Alto, California.
Boyd D BurnsUniversity of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Troy E MadsenUniversity of Utah, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Megan L FixUniversity of Utah, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, Utah.
University of Utah · USMaine Medical Center · USMassachusetts General Hospital · USStanford University · USUniversity of Oklahoma · USUniversity of Vermont · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionLeadership positions occupied by women within academic emergency medicine have remained stagnant despite increasing numbers of women with faculty appointments. We distributed a multi-institutional survey to women faculty and residents to evaluate categorical characteristics contributing to success and differences between the two groups.

methodsAn institutional review board-approved electronic survey was distributed to women faculty and residents at eight institutions and were completed anonymously. We created survey questions to assess multiple categories: determination; resiliency; career support and obstacles; career aspiration; and gender discrimination. Most questions used a Likert five-point scale. Responses for each question and category were averaged and deemed significant if the average was greater than or equal to 4 in the affirmative, or less than or equal to 2 in the negative. We calculated proportions for binary questions.

resultsThe overall response rate was 55.23% (95/172). The faculty response rate was 54.1% (59/109) and residents' response rate was 57.1% (36/63). Significant levels of resiliency were reported, with a mean score of 4.02. Childbearing and rearing were not significant barriers overall but were more commonly reported as barriers for faculty over residents (P <0.001). Obstacles reported included a lack of confidence during work-related negotiations and insufficient research experience. Notably, 68.4% (65/95) of respondents experienced gender discrimination and 9.5% (9/95) reported at least one encounter of sexual assault by a colleague or supervisor during their career.

conclusionTargeted interventions to promote female leadership in academic emergency medicine include coaching on negotiation skills, improved resources and mentorship to support research, and enforcement of safe work environments. Female emergency physician resiliency is high and not a barrier to career advancement.

Indexed as

Emergency MedicinePhysicians, WomenFacultyFaculty, MedicalFemaleHumansLeadershipMentorsSexism

Identifiers

PMID34787562
PMCPMC8597699
OpenAlexW3211001138

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.