Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34786698›Full record

Trial reportJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2022

Using smartphone technology to improve prospective memory functioning: A randomized controlled trial.

Michael K Scullin, Winston E Jones, Richard Phenis, Samantha Beevers, Sabra Rosen, Kara Dinh, Andrew Kiselica, Francis J Keefe, Jared F Benge

Open access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
9.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. Metacognitive training facilitates optimal cognitive offloading.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2026
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  14. Great expectations: Anticipating a reminder influences prospective memory encoding and unaided retrieval.Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition · 2025
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  16. Reimagining Resilience in Aging: Leveraging AI/ML, Big Data Analytics, and Systems Innovation.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Michael K ScullinDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7578-7587
Winston E JonesDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA.
Richard PhenisDepartment of Neurology and Plummer Movement Disorders Center, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas, USA.
Samantha BeeversDepartment of Neurology and Plummer Movement Disorders Center, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas, USA.
Sabra RosenDepartment of Neurology and Plummer Movement Disorders Center, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas, USA.
Kara DinhDepartment of Neurology and Plummer Movement Disorders Center, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas, USA.
Andrew KiselicaDepartment of Health Psychology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
Francis J KeefeDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Jared F BengeDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA.
Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Temple · USBaylor University · USDuke Medical Center · USUniversity of Missouri Health System · US

Funding

Using Smartphone Personal Assistant Technology to Improve Prospective Memory in Alzheimer's DiseaseR21AG053161 · NIA · BAYLOR UNIVERSITY · PI SCULLIN, MICHAEL K · 2017 to 2018
$397k
NIA NIH HHS AG053161NIA NIH HHS R21 AG053161
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundA decline in the ability to perform daily intentions-known as prospective memory-is a key driver of everyday functional impairment in dementia. In the absence of effective pharmacological treatments, there is a need for developing, testing, and optimizing behavioral interventions that can bolster daily prospective memory functioning. We investigated the feasibility and efficacy of smartphone-based strategies for prospective memory in persons with cognitive impairment.

methodsFifty-two older adults (74.79 ± 7.20 years) meeting diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia were enrolled in a 4-week randomized controlled trial. Participants were trained to use a digital voice recorder app or a reminder app to off-load prospective memory intentions. Prospective memory was assessed using experimenter-assigned tasks (e.g., call the laboratory on assigned days), standardized questionnaires, and structured interviews. Secondary dependent measures included days of phone and app usage, acceptability ratings, quality of life, and independent activities of daily living.

resultsParticipant ratings indicated that the intervention was acceptable and feasible. Furthermore, after the four-week intervention, participants reported improvements in daily prospective memory functioning on standardized questionnaires (p < 0.001, η

conclusionsOlder adults with cognitive disorders can learn smartphone-based memory strategies and doing so benefits prospective memory functioning and independence.

Indexed as

Memory, EpisodicSelf-Help DevicesSmartphoneActivities of Daily LivingAgedCognitive DysfunctionFemaleHumansInterviews as TopicMaleMobile ApplicationsSurveys and QuestionnairesAlzheimer's disease and related dementiasassistive technologyelectronic memory aidoffloadingtechnology and dementia

Identifiers

PMID34786698
PMCPMC8821124
OpenAlexW3212608119

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.